View source for Viola sororia

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Viola sororia
|accepted_authority=Willdenow
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Hort. Berol.
|place=1: plate 72. 1806
|year=1806
}}
|common_names=Common or downy or woolly blue violet;violette parente
|special_status={{Treatment/ID/Special_status
|code=E
|label=Endemic
}}
|basionyms=
|synonyms={{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Viola chalcosperma
|authority=Brainerd
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=V. floridana
|authority=Brainerd
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=V. latiuscula
|authority=Greene
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=V. palmata var. sororia
|authority=(Willdenow) Pollard
|rank=variety
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=V. papilionaceae
|authority=Pursh
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=V. priceana
|authority=Pollard
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=V. rosacea
|authority=Brainerd
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=V. septentrionalis
|authority=Greene
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=V. wilmattiae
|authority=Pollard & Cockerell
|rank=species
}}
|hierarchy=Violaceae;Viola;Viola sororia
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Violaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Viola]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>species</small>[[Viola sororia]]</div></div>
|volume=Volume 6
|mention_page=page 116, 120, 125, 128, 134, 138, 139, 144, 156, 159
|treatment_page=page 158
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Plants </b>perennial, acaulescent, not stoloniferous, 5–50 cm; rhizomes thick, fleshy. <b>Leaves</b> basal, 1–8, ascending to erect; stipules linear-lanceolate to broadly lanceolate, margins entire, sometimes glandular distally, apex acute; petiole 2–25 cm, pubescent or glabrous; blade green abaxially, unlobed, ovate or broadly ovate to reniform, 2–5 × 2–10 cm, not fleshy, base cordate, margins crenate to serrate, ciliate or eciliate, apex acute to obtuse or rounded, surfaces usually pubescent, rarely glabrous. <b>Peduncles</b> 3–25 cm, glabrous or sparsely pubescent. <b>Flowers</b>: sepals lanceolate to ovate, margins ciliate or eciliate, auricles 1–2 mm; petals light to dark blue- or dark purple-violet, reddish purple, or rarely white on both surfaces, usually white basally, lowest and sometimes lateral 2 purple-veined, lateral 2 bearded, lowest bearded or beardless, 15–25 mm, spur same color as petals, gibbous, 2–3 mm; style head beardless; cleistogamous flowers on prostrate to ascending peduncles. <b>Capsules</b> ellipsoid, 5–12 mm, glabrous. <b>Seeds</b> beige, mottled to bronze, 1.5–2.5 mm. <b>2n</b> = 54.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|phenology=Flowering Mar–Jun.
|habitat=Dry to mesic habitats in woods, thickets, stream banks, moist prairies, pastures, disturbed ground, not in saturated soil
|elevation=0–3000 m
|distribution=B.C.;Man.;N.B.;Nfld. and Labr. (Nfld.);N.S.;Ont.;P.E.I.;Que.;Sask.;Ala.;Ark.;Colo.;Conn.;Del.;D.C.;Fla.;Ga.;Ill.;Ind.;Iowa;Kans.;Ky.;La.;Maine;Md.;Mass.;Mich.;Minn.;Miss.;Mo.;Mont.;Nebr.;N.H.;N.J.;N.Mex.;N.Y.;N.C.;N.Dak.;Ohio;Okla.;Pa.;R.I.;S.C.;S.Dak.;Tenn.;Tex.;Utah;Vt.;Va.;W.Va.;Wis.
|discussion=<p><i>Viola sororia</i> is similar to <i>V. palmata</i> in the high degree of phenotypic plasticity. The petal color is usually light to dark blue-violet. In <i>V. sororia</i> forma priceana (the Confederate violet) petals are grayish white with violet veins. <i>Viola</i> septentrionalis was recognized by N. L. Gil-Ad (1997) based on what he considered distinct capsule and seed morphology. His assumptions were based on one to four specimens. A. Haines (2011) alluded to the variability of <i>V. sororia</i> and indicated that a more northern form has often been called V. septentrionalis. He suggested that range-wide patterns of variation make it difficult or impractical to separate. We currently see no valid reason to recognize V. septentrionalis.</p><!--
--><p><i>Viola</i> floridana was recognized by D. B. Ward (2006) as distinct from <i>V. sororia</i> based on being glabrous except for scattered hairs on petioles.</p><!--
--><p><i>Viola sororia</i> reportedly hybridizes with <i>V. cucullata</i> (= V. ×bissellii House), <i>V. hirsutula</i> [= V. ×cordifolia (Nuttall) Schweinitz], <i>V. pedatifida</i> var. brittoniana (= V. ×insolita House), <i>V. pedatifida</i> var. pedatifida (= V. ×bernardii Greene), and <i>V. sagittata </i>var.<i> sagittata</i> (= V. ×conjugens Greene).</p>
|tables=
|references=
}}<!--

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-->{{#Taxon:
name=Viola sororia
|authority=Willdenow
|rank=species
|parent rank=genus
|synonyms=Viola chalcosperma;V. floridana;V. latiuscula;V. palmata var. sororia;V. papilionaceae;V. priceana;V. rosacea;V. septentrionalis;V. wilmattiae
|basionyms=
|family=Violaceae
|phenology=Flowering Mar–Jun.
|habitat=Dry to mesic habitats in woods, thickets, stream banks, moist prairies, pastures, disturbed ground, not in saturated soil
|elevation=0–3000 m
|distribution=B.C.;Man.;N.B.;Nfld. and Labr. (Nfld.);N.S.;Ont.;P.E.I.;Que.;Sask.;Ala.;Ark.;Colo.;Conn.;Del.;D.C.;Fla.;Ga.;Ill.;Ind.;Iowa;Kans.;Ky.;La.;Maine;Md.;Mass.;Mich.;Minn.;Miss.;Mo.;Mont.;Nebr.;N.H.;N.J.;N.Mex.;N.Y.;N.C.;N.Dak.;Ohio;Okla.;Pa.;R.I.;S.C.;S.Dak.;Tenn.;Tex.;Utah;Vt.;Va.;W.Va.;Wis.
|reference=None
|publication title=Hort. Berol.
|publication year=1806
|special status=Endemic
|source xml=https://jpend@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation.git/src/f50eec43f223ca0e34566be0b046453a0960e173/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V6/V6_284.xml
|genus=Viola
|species=Viola sororia
}}<!--

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