View source for Rubus flagellaris

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Rubus flagellaris
|accepted_authority=Willdenow
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Enum. Pl.,
|place=549. 1809
|year=1809
}}
|common_names=Northern dewberry;ronce à flagelles
|basionyms={{Treatment/ID/Basionym
|name=R. ferrofluvius
|authority=L. H. Bailey
|rank=species
|publication_title=A. M. Fuller &amp; T. Davis
|publication_place=
}}
|synonyms={{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Rubus aboriginum
|authority=Rydberg
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=R. alacer
|authority=L. H. Bailey
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=R. alius
|authority=L. H. Bailey
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=R. almus
|authority=(L. H. Bailey) L. H. Bailey
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=R. apogaeus
|authority=L. H. Bailey
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=R. aptatus
|authority=L. H. Bailey
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=R. arenicola
|authority=Blanchard
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=R. arizonensis
|authority=Focke
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=R. armatus
|authority=(Fernald) L. H. Bailey
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=R. arundelanus
|authority=Blanchard
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=R. arundelanus var. jecklyanus
|authority=(Blanchard) L. H. Bailey
|rank=variety
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=R. ashei
|authority=L. H. Bailey
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=R. austrinus
|authority=Britton
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=R. baileyanus
|authority=L. H. Bailey
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=R. bollianus
|authority=L. H. Bailey
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=R. bonus
|authority=L. H. Bailey
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=R. botruosus
|authority=L. H. Bailey
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=R. bretonis
|authority=L. H. Bailey
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=R. brevipedalis
|authority=H. A. Davis & T. Davis
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=R. cacaponensis
|authority=L. H. Bailey
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=R. camurus
|authority=Fernald
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=R. cathartium
|authority=L. H. Bailey
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=R. celer
|authority=L. H. Bailey
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=R. census
|authority=L. H. Bailey
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=R. centralis
|authority=L. H. Bailey
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=R. clairbrownii
|authority=L. H. Bailey
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=R. clandestinus
|authority=L. H. Bailey
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=R. clarus
|authority=L. H. Bailey
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=R. coloniatus
|authority=L. H. Bailey
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=R. complex
|authority=L. H. Bailey
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=R. conabilis
|authority=L. H. Bailey
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=R. connixus
|authority=L. H. Bailey
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=R. cordialis
|authority=(L. H. Bailey) L. H. Bailey
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=R. cordifrons
|authority=L. H. Bailey
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=R. currulis
|authority=L. H. Bailey
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=R. curtipes
|authority=L. H. Bailey
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=R. deamii
|authority=L. H. Bailey
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=R. decor
|authority=L. H. Bailey
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=R. depavitus
|authority=L. H. Bailey
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=R. dives
|authority=L. H. Bailey
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=R. eflagellaris
|authority=Trattinnick
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=R. enslenii
|authority=L. H. Bailey
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=R. exemptus
|authority=L. H. Bailey
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=R. exsularis
|authority=L. H. Bailey
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=R. fandus
|authority=L. H. Bailey
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=R. fecundus
|authority=L. H. Bailey
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=R. felix
|authority=H. A. Davis
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=R. flagellaris var. almus
|authority=L. H. Bailey
|rank=variety
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=R. flagellaris var. occidualis
|authority=L. H. Bailey
|rank=variety
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=R. foliaceus
|authority=L. H. Bailey
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=R. folioflorus
|authority=L. H. Bailey
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=R. grimesii
|authority=L. H. Bailey
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=R. hancinianus
|authority=Fernald
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=R. housei
|authority=L. H. Bailey
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=R. ignarus
|authority=L. H. Bailey
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=R. imperiorum
|authority=L. H. Bailey
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=R. indianensis
|authority=L. H. Bailey
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=R. iniens
|authority=(L. H. Bailey) Britton
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=R. injunctus
|authority=L. H. Bailey
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=R. inobvius
|authority=L. H. Bailey
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=R. invisus
|authority=L. H. Bailey
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=R. ithacanus
|authority=L. H. Bailey
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=R. jactus
|authority=L. H. Bailey
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=R. jaysmithii
|authority=L. H. Bailey
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=R. jaysmithii var. angustior
|authority=L. H. Bailey
|rank=variety
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=R. kentuckiensis
|authority=L. H. Bailey
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=R. lassus
|authority=L. H. Bailey
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=R. leviculus
|authority=L. H. Bailey
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=R. mainensis
|authority=(Card ex L. H. Bailey) L. H. Bailey
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=R. maltei
|authority=L. H. Bailey
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=R. maniseesensis
|authority=L. H. Bailey
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=R. meracus
|authority=L. H. Bailey
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=R. michiganensis
|authority=L. H. Bailey
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=R. minnesotanus
|authority=L. H. Bailey
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=R. multifer
|authority=L. H. Bailey
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=R. mundus
|authority=(L. H. Bailey) L. H. Bailey
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=R. nefrens
|authority=L. H. Bailey
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=R. obsessus
|authority=L. H. Bailey
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=R. obvius
|authority=Fernald
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=R. occidualis
|authority=S. J. Smith ex L. H. Bailey
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=R. particeps
|authority=Fernald
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=R. particularis
|authority=Blanchard
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=R. pernagaeus
|authority=L. H. Bailey
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=R. pityophilus
|authority=L. H. Bailey
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=R. plexus
|authority=L. H. Bailey
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=R. plicatifolius
|authority=Rydberg
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=R. profusiflorus
|authority=(L. H. Bailey) Rydberg
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=R. pronus
|authority=L. H. Bailey
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=R. redundans
|authority=L. H. Bailey
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=R. rhodophyllus
|authority=L. H. Bailey
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=R. roribaccus
|authority=L. H. Bailey
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=R. rosagnetis
|authority=L. H. Bailey
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=R. russeus
|authority=L. H. Bailey
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=R. sailori
|authority=L. H. Bailey
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=R. sanfordii
|authority=Fernald
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=R. satis
|authority=L. H. Bailey
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=R. scambens
|authority=Fernald
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=R. schoolcraftianus
|authority=L. H. Bailey
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=R. sewardianus
|authority=L. H. Bailey
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=R. steelei
|authority=L. H. Bailey
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=R. subinnoxius
|authority=L. H. Bailey
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=R. temerarius
|authority=L. H. Bailey
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=R. tetricus
|authority=L. H. Bailey
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=R. uvidus
|authority=
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=R. vagus
|authority=
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=R. vixalacer
|authority=
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=R. whartoniae
|authority=
|rank=species
}}
|hierarchy=Rosaceae;Rosaceae subfam. Rosoideae;Rosaceae tribe Rubeae;Rubus;Rubus flagellaris
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Rosaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>subfamily</small>[[Rosaceae subfam. Rosoideae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>tribe</small>[[Rosaceae tribe Rubeae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Rubus]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>species</small>[[Rubus flagellaris]]</div></div>
|volume=Volume 9
|mention_page=page 30, 32, 35, 37, 38, 41, 42, 50, 53, 54, 56
|treatment_page=page 40
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Shrubs,</b> to 3 dm, armed. <b>Stems</b> biennial, usually creeping, sometimes low-arching and then creeping flowering branches usually erect, glabrous or densely hairy, eglandular or sparsely sessile- to short-stipitate-glandular, not pruinose; prickles sparse to dense, hooked, sometimes distally slender, 1–4 mm, broad-based; bristles absent. <b>Leaves</b> deciduous, some sometimes semipersistent, ternate or palmately compound, not lustrous; stipules filiform or linear to lanceolate, 3–20 mm; leaflets 3–5, terminal ovate or elliptic to suborbiculate, 3–11 × 2–7.5 cm, base broadly cuneate or rounded to shallowly cordate, usually unlobed, rarely shallowly lobed, margins moderately to coarsely serrate to doubly serrate or serrate-dentate, apex acute or acuminate to short-attenuate, abaxial surfaces with prickles on midvein or unarmed, sparsely to moderately hairy, eglandular or sessile- or short-stipitate-glandular along largest veins. <b>Inflorescences</b> terminal on short shoots, usually appearing axillary, 1–3(–8)-flowered, racemiform. <b>Pedicels</b> unarmed or prickles sparse to moderate, retrorse to hooked, moderately to densely hairy, usually sparsely to densely sessile- or short-stipitate-glandular, rarely eglandular. <b>Flowers</b> bisexual; petals white, elliptic, obovate, or oblanceolate, 8–20 mm; filaments filiform; ovaries glabrous. <b>Fruits</b> black, sometimes dark red, globose to cylindric, 1–2 cm; drupelets 10–40, strongly coherent, separating with torus attached. <b>2n</b> = 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, 49, 56, 63.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|phenology=Flowering Mar–Jun.
|habitat=Woodlands, savannas, pine barrens, prairies, meadows, rock outcrops, disturbed areas, dry to seasonally wet soil
|elevation=0–1000 m
|distribution=N.B.;N.S.;Ont.;P.E.I.;Que.;Ala.;Ariz.;Ark.;Conn.;Del.;D.C.;Fla.;Ga.;Ill.;Ind.;Iowa;Kans.;Ky.;La.;Maine;Md.;Mass.;Mich.;Minn.;Miss.;Mo.;Nebr.;N.H.;N.J.;N.Mex.;N.Y.;N.C.;Ohio;Okla.;Pa.;R.I.;S.C.;Tenn.;Tex.;Vt.;Va.;W.Va.;Wis.;Mexico (Coahuila;Hidalgo;Nuevo León;San Luis Potosí;Sonora).
|discussion=<p><i>Rubus flagellaris</i> is extremely polymorphic, ranging from plants with low-arching (and later creeping) stems and relatively few prickles to low, creeping plants with abundant prickles. Individual plants in some years will produce abundant, arching, poorly armed stems, and in others creeping, well-armed stems. Prickle shape also varies in these plants both within a year and among different years. Local variants seem to readily intergrade with other variants; over the entire North American range of what would be known as sect. Procumbentes (Rydberg) L. H. Bailey [= sect. Flagellares (L. H. Bailey) L. H. Bailey], a continuum of variation seems to be common. sect. Procumbentes (Rydberg) L. H. Bailey [by Bailey as sect. Flagellares (L. H. Bailey) L. H. Bailey</p><!--
--><p>Apparent consistent features of <i>Rubus flagellaris</i> are terete primocanes to 7 mm diam. near the base and presence of rigid, hooked primocane prickles to 4 mm. Primocanes that tip-root and are low and long-running are nearly consistent features of <i>R. flagellaris</i>. Flower number per inflorescence throughout most of the geographic range of <i>R. flagellaris</i> is one to three or, rarely, five; in the far western part of the range (as R. arizonensis [= R. oligospermus Thornber ex Rydberg, name illegitimate]) up to eight flowers per inflorescence have been reported.</p><!--
--><p><i>Rubus flagellaris</i> lacks pruinose fruits and stems and is similar in general appearance to the introduced <i>R. caesius</i>.</p><!--
--><p><i>Rubus</i> vagus L. H. Bailey is an illegitimate later homonym that applies here. <i>Rubus</i> longipes Fernald is an illegitimate name that applies here.</p><!--
--><p>The following nothospecies names are based on putative hybrids involving <i>Rubus flagellaris</i> and: <i>R. allegheniensis</i> (R. ×boyntonii Ashe, R. ×fraternalis L. H. Bailey [based on R. ×fraternus Brainerd & Peitersen (not R. fraternus Gremli)], R. ×licens L. H. Bailey; R. ×ostryifolius Rydberg); <i>R. canadensis</i> (R. ×lepagei L. H. Bailey, R. ×rixosus L. H. Bailey); <i>R. hispidus</i> (R. ×ambigens Fernald, R. ×distinctus L. H. Bailey, R. ×elongatus Brainerd & Peitersen [not R. elongatus Smith], R. ×emeritus L. H. Bailey, R. ×furtivus L. H. Bailey, R. ×kalamazoensis L. H. Bailey, R. ×permixtus Blanchard, R. ×rosendahlii L. H. Bailey, R. ×segnis L. H. Bailey, R. ×varus L. H. Bailey, R. ×vigoratus L. H. Bailey); <i>R. pensilvanicus</i> (R. ×akermanii Fernald, R. ×darlingtonii L. H. Bailey, R. ×dissitiflorus Fernald, R. ×hypolasius Fernald, R. ×janssonii L. H. Bailey, R. ×largus L. H. Bailey, R. ×recurvicaulis Blanchard, R. ×rossbergianus Blanchard); <i>R. setosus</i> (R. ×alter L. H. Bailey, R. ×arcuans Fernald & H. St. John, R. ×biformispinus Blanchard, R. ×bigelovianus L. H. Bailey, R. ×bracteolifer Fernald, R. ×jacens Blanchard var. specialis L. H. Bailey, R. ×laevior (L. H. Bailey) Fernald [based on R. permixtus var. laevior L. H. Bailey], R. ×multiformis Blanchard, R. ×setospinosus L. H. Bailey, R. ×severus Brainerd ex Fernald).</p>
|tables=
|references=
}}<!--

--><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Rubus flagellaris
|authority=Willdenow
|rank=species
|parent rank=genus
|synonyms=Rubus aboriginum;R. alacer;R. alius;R. almus;R. apogaeus;R. aptatus;R. arenicola;R. arizonensis;R. armatus;R. arundelanus;R. arundelanus var. jecklyanus;R. ashei;R. austrinus;R. baileyanus;R. bollianus;R. bonus;R. botruosus;R. bretonis;R. brevipedalis;R. cacaponensis;R. camurus;R. cathartium;R. celer;R. census;R. centralis;R. clairbrownii;R. clandestinus;R. clarus;R. coloniatus;R. complex;R. conabilis;R. connixus;R. cordialis;R. cordifrons;R. currulis;R. curtipes;R. deamii;R. decor;R. depavitus;R. dives;R. eflagellaris;R. enslenii;R. exemptus;R. exsularis;R. fandus;R. fecundus;R. felix;R. flagellaris var. almus;R. flagellaris var. occidualis;R. foliaceus;R. folioflorus;R. grimesii;R. hancinianus;R. housei;R. ignarus;R. imperiorum;R. indianensis;R. iniens;R. injunctus;R. inobvius;R. invisus;R. ithacanus;R. jactus;R. jaysmithii;R. jaysmithii var. angustior;R. kentuckiensis;R. lassus;R. leviculus;R. mainensis;R. maltei;R. maniseesensis;R. meracus;R. michiganensis;R. minnesotanus;R. multifer;R. mundus;R. nefrens;R. obsessus;R. obvius;R. occidualis;R. particeps;R. particularis;R. pernagaeus;R. pityophilus;R. plexus;R. plicatifolius;R. profusiflorus;R. pronus;R. redundans;R. rhodophyllus;R. roribaccus;R. rosagnetis;R. russeus;R. sailori;R. sanfordii;R. satis;R. scambens;R. schoolcraftianus;R. sewardianus;R. steelei;R. subinnoxius;R. temerarius;R. tetricus;R. uvidus;R. vagus;R. vixalacer;R. whartoniae
|basionyms=R. ferrofluvius
|family=Rosaceae
|phenology=Flowering Mar–Jun.
|habitat=Woodlands, savannas, pine barrens, prairies, meadows, rock outcrops, disturbed areas, dry to seasonally wet soil
|elevation=0–1000 m
|distribution=N.B.;N.S.;Ont.;P.E.I.;Que.;Ala.;Ariz.;Ark.;Conn.;Del.;D.C.;Fla.;Ga.;Ill.;Ind.;Iowa;Kans.;Ky.;La.;Maine;Md.;Mass.;Mich.;Minn.;Miss.;Mo.;Nebr.;N.H.;N.J.;N.Mex.;N.Y.;N.C.;Ohio;Okla.;Pa.;R.I.;S.C.;Tenn.;Tex.;Vt.;Va.;W.Va.;Wis.;Mexico (Coahuila;Hidalgo;Nuevo León;San Luis Potosí;Sonora).
|reference=None
|publication title=Enum. Pl.,
|publication year=1809
|special status=
|source xml=https://jpend@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation.git/src/f50eec43f223ca0e34566be0b046453a0960e173/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V9/V9_48.xml
|subfamily=Rosaceae subfam. Rosoideae
|tribe=Rosaceae tribe Rubeae
|genus=Rubus
|species=Rubus flagellaris
}}<!--

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