View source for Cistanthe

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Cistanthe
|accepted_authority=Spach
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Hist. Nat. Vég.
|place=5: 229. 1836
|year=1836
}}
|common_names=Pussypaws
|basionyms=
|synonyms={{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Calyptridium
|authority=Nuttall
|rank=genus
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Lewisiopsis
|authority=Govaerts
|rank=genus
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Spraguea
|authority=Torrey
|rank=genus
}}
|hierarchy=Portulacaceae;Cistanthe
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Portulacaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Cistanthe]]</div></div>
|etymology=generic name Cistus (rockrose) and Greek anthos, flower, in reference to similarity of the flowers
|volume=Volume 4
|mention_page=page 458, 461
|treatment_page=page 460
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Herbs,</b> annual or perennial, succulent, glabrous, with caudices, not rhizomatous or stoloniferous. <b>Roots</b> fleshy and/or fibrous, or taproots. <b>Stems</b> decumbent to erect, simple or branched; nodes glabrous. <b>Leaves</b> basal and/or cauline, glabrous, not articulate at base, somewhat to markedly clasping, attachment points linear; basal leaves in rosettes; cauline leaves alternate (usually absent in <i>C. umbellata</i> and <i>C. tweedyi</i>). <b>Inflorescences</b> axillary, umbellate, paniculate, racemose, or cymose, sometimes scorpioid and/or secund, loose to dense, 1–many-flowered, leafy and/or bracteate; bracts (1–)2 subtending each flower, markedly unequal. <b>Flowers</b> pedicellate to subsessile; sepals persistent, distinct, not keeled or angled, often unequal, herbaceous to scarious, glabrous; petals 2–9(–12), distinct; stamens 1–23; ovules 1–many; style present or absent; stigmas 2 or 3. <b>Capsules</b> 2–3-valved, dehiscence loculicidal from apex, valves not deciduous, (except <i>C. tweedyi</i>, which has circumscissile deshiscence and 3–4 valves splitting from base), margins not reflexed after dehiscence, margins not markedly involute. <b>Seeds</b> 1–40, dark brownish red, dull gray, or black, usually elliptic to orbiculate, sometimes orbiculate-reniform, dull or shiny, smooth or sculptured, sometimes hairy, strophiolate in <i>C. maritima</i> and <i>C. tweedyi</i>. <b>x</b> = 22, 23.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=North America (including Mexico);South America.
|discussion=<p>Species ca. 35 (11 in the flora).</p><!--
--><p>Publications by R. C. Carolin (1987) and M. A. Hershkovitz (1991, 1991b) have required the addition to the North American flora of the genus <i>Cistanthe</i>, which originally was erected to accommodate some Chilean species that were segregated from <i>Calandrinia</i>. Recent investigations indicate that a considerably broader range of species belongs in the genus, including two North American species formerly placed in <i>Calandrinia</i>, all the species formerly included in Calyptridium, and one species previously classified in <i>Lewisia</i>. While the current recognition of <i>Cistanthe</i> originally rested on the cladistic work of Carolin and the studies of leaf morphology by Hershkovitz, who documented nine traits of leaf morphology distinguishing <i>Cistanthe</i>, more recent molecular studies by M. A. Hershkovitz and E. A. Zimmer (2000) have provided general support for it. The inclusion of <i>C. tweedyi</i> appears to be somewhat equivocal and it might best be treated as a distinct genus.</p>
|tables=
|references={{Treatment/Reference
|id=hershkovitz1991a
|text=Hershkovitz, M. A. 1991. Phylogenetic assessment and revised circumscription of Cistanthe (Portulacaceae). Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 78: 1009–1021.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=hershkovitz1991b
|text=Hershkovitz, M. A. 1991b. Leaf morphology of Cistanthe Spach (Portulacaceae). Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 78: 1022–1060.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=hinton1975a
|text=Hinton, W. F. 1975. Systematics of the Calyptridium umbellatum complex (Portulacaceae). Brittonia 27: 197–208.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=wilken1993a
|text=Wilken, D. H. and W. A. Kelley. 1993. Calyptridium. In: J. C. Hickman, ed. 1993. The Jepson Manual. Higher Plants of California. Berkeley, Los Angeles, and London. Pp. 896–897.
}}
}}<!--

--><div class="treatment-key">
==Key==
<div class="treatment-key-group">
  
{| class="wikitable fna-keytable"
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Styles absent; stigmas 2; plants annual
|[[#key-0-2| > 2]]
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Styles present; stigmas 2 or 3; plants annual or perennial
|[[#key-0-6| > 6]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Flowers subsessile; petals usually 3
|[[#key-0-3| > 3]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Flowers pedicellate; petals 2 or 4
|[[#key-0-4| > 4]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Capsules more than 2 times as long as sepals
|[[Cistanthe monandra|Cistanthe monandra]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Capsules less than 2 times as long as sepals
|[[Cistanthe parryi|Cistanthe parryi]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Petals 2, 1 mm or less; stamen 1.
|[[Cistanthe rosea|Cistanthe rosea]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Petals 4, 2-3 mm; stamens 1-3
|[[#key-0-5| > 5]]
|-id=key-0-5
|5
|Sepals ovate, fleshy, becoming membranaceous; petals persistent in fruit
|[[Cistanthe pygmaea|Cistanthe pygmaea]]
|-id=key-0-5
|5
|Sepals orbiculate to reniform, with scarious margins; petals disarticulate in fruit
|[[Cistanthe quadripetala|Cistanthe quadripetala]]
|-id=key-0-6
|6
|Leaves not forming basal rosettes; plants annual
|[[#key-0-7| > 7]]
|-id=key-0-6
|6
|Leaves forming basal rosettes; plants perennial (annual in C. pulchella)
|[[#key-0-8| > 8]]
|-id=key-0-7
|7
|Leaves glaucous; inflorescences usually exceeding leaves; pedicels 5-15 mm; petals red-purple
|[[Cistanthe maritima|Cistanthe maritima]]
|-id=key-0-7
|7
|Leaves not glaucous; inflorescences usually not exceeding leaves; pedicels 1-3 mm; petals white
|[[Cistanthe ambigua|Cistanthe ambigua]]
|-id=key-0-8
|8
|Petals 7-12, 25-40 mm; stamens 10-23.
|[[Cistanthe tweedyi|Cistanthe tweedyi]]
|-id=key-0-8
|8
|Petals 4, 3-9 mm; stamens 3
|[[#key-0-9| > 9]]
|-id=key-0-9
|9
|Plants annual, with fibrous roots; stems 2-7 cm; styles included
|[[Cistanthe pulchella|Cistanthe pulchella]]
|-id=key-0-9
|9
|Plants perennial, with taproots; stems to 50-60 cm; styles exserted
|[[#key-0-10| > 10]]
|-id=key-0-10
|10
|Stems 1 from each rosette; cauline leaves usually absent; petals white; an- thers red or yellow
|[[Cistanthe umbellata|Cistanthe umbellata]]
|-id=key-0-10
|10
|Stems 2 or more from each rosette; cauline leaves usually present; petals rose or pinkish white to white; anthers pink or rose
|[[Cistanthe monosperma|Cistanthe monosperma]]
|}
</div></div><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Cistanthe
|author=Walter A. Kelley;John M. Miller;John G. Packer
|authority=Spach
|rank=genus
|parent rank=family
|synonyms=Calyptridium;Lewisiopsis;Spraguea
|basionyms=
|family=Portulacaceae
|illustrator=Bee F. Gunn
|illustration copyright=Flora of North America Association
|distribution=North America (including Mexico);South America.
|reference=hershkovitz1991a;hershkovitz1991b;hinton1975a;wilken1993a
|publication title=Hist. Nat. Vég.
|publication year=1836
|special status=
|source xml=https://jpend@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation.git/src/f50eec43f223ca0e34566be0b046453a0960e173/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V4/V4_910.xml
|genus=Cistanthe
}}<!--

-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Portulacaceae]]