View source for Amaranthus polygonoides

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Amaranthus polygonoides
|accepted_authority=Linnaeus
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Pl. Jamaic. Pug.,
|place=27. 1759
|year=1759
}}
|common_names=Smartweed amaranth;tropical amaranth
|basionyms=
|synonyms={{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Amaranthus berlandieri
|authority=(Moquin-Tandon) Uline & W. L. Bray
|rank=species
}}
|hierarchy=Amaranthaceae;Amaranthus;Amaranthus subg. Albersia;Amaranthus polygonoides
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Amaranthaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Amaranthus]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>subgenus</small>[[Amaranthus subg. Albersia]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>species</small>[[Amaranthus polygonoides]]</div></div>
|volume=Volume 4
|mention_page=page 410, 414
|treatment_page=page 432
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Plants </b>annual, glabrescent proximally, pubescent distally, becoming glabrous at maturity. <b>Stems</b> erect-ascending to prostrate, branched mostly at base and in proximal 1/2, 0.1–0.5 m. <b>Leaves</b>: petiole ± equaling blade; blade ovate, obovate-rhombic to narrowly ovate, sometimes lanceolate, 1.5–3(–4) × 0.5–1.5(–2) cm, base cuneate, margins entire to undulate-erose, apex rounded, obtuse, or emarginate, mucronate. <b>Inflorescences</b> axillary, congested clusters. <b>Bracts</b> of pistillate flowers lanceolate or linear, 1–1.5 mm, 1/2 as long as tepals. <b>Pistillate</b> flowers: tepals 5, connate in proximal 1/3 (entirely distinct in all other species), with 3 prominent veins abaxially, spatulate or somewhat clawed, equal or subequal, 2–3 mm, apex rounded or retuse, mucronate; style branches somewhat spreading; stigmas 3. <b>Staminate</b> flowers intermixed with pistillate; tepals (4–)5; stamens 2–3. <b>Utricles</b> cylindric or narrowly turbinate, 2–2.5 mm, ± equaling tepals, smooth proximally or roughened toward tips, indehiscent or tardily dehiscent. <b>Seeds</b> dark reddish brown to black, lenticular, 0.8–1 mm diam., shiny.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|phenology=Flowering summer–fall.
|habitat=Disturbed habitats, coastal areas, near wool-combing mills
|elevation=0-500 m
|distribution=Fla.;S.C.;Tex.;Mexico;West Indies;n South America;rarely introduced in Europe and some other regions.
|discussion=<p><i>Amaranthus</i> berlandieri often has been recognized as a separate species related to <i>A. polygonoides</i>. J. Henrickson (1999) clarified the confusion that existed in earlier descriptions of these two taxa and showed that the main characters used for their separation (dehiscent versus indehiscent utricles, leaf shape, etc.) are inconsistent and cannot be applied for segregation of two independent species. The subspecies rank may be more appropriate for <i>A. berlandieri</i>, as was suggested by A. Thellung (1914–1919). The relationships between these taxa of the A. polygoniodes aggregate require additional study; in the present treatment we follow the solution proposed by Henrickson.</p>
|tables=
|references=
}}<!--

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-->{{#Taxon:
name=Amaranthus polygonoides
|authority=Linnaeus
|rank=species
|parent rank=subgenus
|synonyms=Amaranthus berlandieri
|basionyms=
|family=Amaranthaceae
|phenology=Flowering summer–fall.
|habitat=Disturbed habitats, coastal areas, near wool-combing mills
|elevation=0-500 m
|distribution=Fla.;S.C.;Tex.;Mexico;West Indies;n South America;rarely introduced in Europe and some other regions.
|reference=None
|publication title=Pl. Jamaic. Pug.,
|publication year=1759
|special status=
|source xml=https://jpend@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation.git/src/f50eec43f223ca0e34566be0b046453a0960e173/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V4/V4_845.xml
|genus=Amaranthus
|subgenus=Amaranthus subg. Albersia
|species=Amaranthus polygonoides
}}<!--

-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Amaranthus subg. Albersia]]