View source for Mammillaria tetrancistra

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Mammillaria tetrancistra
|accepted_authority=Engelmann
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Amer. J. Sci. Arts, ser.
|place=2, 14: 337. 1852
|year=1852
}}
|common_names=Common fishhook cactus
|basionyms=
|synonyms=
|hierarchy=Cactaceae;Cactaceae subfam. Cactoideae;Mammillaria;Mammillaria tetrancistra
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Cactaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>subfamily</small>[[Cactaceae subfam. Cactoideae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Mammillaria]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>species</small>[[Mammillaria tetrancistra]]</div></div>
|volume=Volume 4
|mention_page=page 93, 95, 98, 248, 252
|treatment_page=page 251
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Plants </b>branched; branches 1–several. <b>Roots</b> fleshy taproots, to 24 cm, 5–8 cm diam. <b>Stems</b> cylindric to ovoid-cylindric, commonly 5–15(–25) × 3.5–7(–10) cm, flaccid; tubercles 4 mm diam.; axils short woolly; cortex and pith mucilaginous; latex absent. <b>Spines</b> 21–64 per areole, dark or light colored, depending largely on substrate color, glabrous (to hoary); radial spines 30–46(–60) per areole, white, bristlelike, 6–10 × 0.09–0.15 mm, stiff; central spines 1–3(–4) per areole, porrect or strongly projecting, usually hooked, (6–)13–18(–25) × (0.2–)0.3(–0.4) mm; subcentral spines several, often 12+ per areole, radiating in all directions, often resembling supplementary ring of radial spines, barely distinguishable from radial spines, stouter, longer and dark tipped or purplish. <b>Flowers</b> 2.5 × 2.5–3.5 cm; outermost tepal margins long fringed; inner tepals pink to rose-purple, margins sometimes paler or white, at least proximally, 24–26 × 4 mm; stigma lobes yellow-green to green. <b>Fruits</b> bright red, ellipsoid or cylindric to clavate, (8–)15–30 × 5–10 mm, juicy only in fruit walls; floral remnant quickly deciduous, leaving conspicuous abscission scar. <b>Seeds</b> black, conspicuously strophiolate, 1.4–2.4 × 1.4 mm, pitted and rugose; testa hard; anticlinal cell walls straight (not undulate); interstices narrower than pit diameters; pits bowl-shaped; strophiole tan, large, corky. <b>2n</b> = 22.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|phenology=Flowering Apr, Jul; fruiting Feb–Apr, Sep–Oct.
|habitat=Mojave and Sonoran Deserts, alluvium and outcrops, valley floors, hills, mountainsides
|elevation=100-1500 m
|distribution=Ariz.;Calif.;Nev.;Utah;Mexico (Baja California;Sonora).
|discussion=<p><i>Mammillaria tetrancistra</i> extends farther into hyper-arid California deserts than any other species of <i>Mammillaria</i>.</p><!--
--><p>Without the unique seeds, its identification requires detailed comparison with both <i>Mammillaria grahamii</i> and <i>M. viridiflora</i>. Although <i>M. viridiflora</i> is ecogeographically segregated (more mesophytic), the other taxa grow intermingled at many sites in southwestern Arizona. Pushing the side of the stems with a stick or stone allows crude field identification for two commonly confused species: stems of <i>M. tetrancistra</i> are soft and flabby, whereas stems of <i>M. grahamii</i> are firm.</p>
|tables=
|references=
}}<!--

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-->{{#Taxon:
name=Mammillaria tetrancistra
|authority=Engelmann
|rank=species
|parent rank=genus
|synonyms=
|basionyms=
|family=Cactaceae
|phenology=Flowering Apr, Jul; fruiting Feb–Apr, Sep–Oct.
|habitat=Mojave and Sonoran Deserts, alluvium and outcrops, valley floors, hills, mountainsides
|elevation=100-1500 m
|distribution=Ariz.;Calif.;Nev.;Utah;Mexico (Baja California;Sonora).
|reference=None
|publication title=Amer. J. Sci. Arts, ser.
|publication year=1852
|special status=
|source xml=https://jpend@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation.git/src/f50eec43f223ca0e34566be0b046453a0960e173/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V4/V4_459.xml
|subfamily=Cactaceae subfam. Cactoideae
|genus=Mammillaria
|species=Mammillaria tetrancistra
}}<!--

-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Mammillaria]]