View source for Coryphantha tuberculosa

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Coryphantha tuberculosa
|accepted_authority=(Engelmann) A. Berger
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Kakteen,
|place=280. 1929
|year=1929
}}
|common_names=Cob cactus;white-column foxtail cactus
|basionyms={{Treatment/ID/Basionym
|name=Mamillaria tuberculosa
|authority=Engelmann
|rank=species
|publication_title=Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts
|publication_place=3: 268. 1856 (Mamillaria)
}}
|synonyms={{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Coryphantha dasyacantha var. varicolor
|authority=(Tiegel) L. D. Benson
|rank=variety
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Coryphantha varicolor
|authority=Tiegel
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Escobaria dasyacantha var. varicolor
|authority=(Tiegel) D. R. Hunt
|rank=variety
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Escobaria tuberculosa
|authority=(Engelmann) Britton & Rose
|rank=species
}}
|hierarchy=Cactaceae;Cactaceae subfam. Cactoideae;Coryphantha;Coryphantha tuberculosa
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Cactaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>subfamily</small>[[Cactaceae subfam. Cactoideae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Coryphantha]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>species</small>[[Coryphantha tuberculosa]]</div></div>
|volume=Volume 4
|mention_page=page 195, 220, 222, 223
|treatment_page=
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Plants </b>usually branched and small stemmed (to 50 branches), sometimes unbranched and large stemmed, corncob-like or pinecone-like on below-ground portion, on above-ground portion only on oldest plants, distal portion of stem ± obscured by spines. <b>Roots</b> ± diffuse. <b>Stems</b> ovoid to cylindric (spheric), 4–16 × (2.2–)3–6(–6.5) cm; tubercles (6–)8–11 × 3–6 mm, firm; areolar glands absent; parenchyma not mucilaginous; druses in pith and cortex nearly microscopic, mostly spheric; pith 1/8–1/4 of lesser stem diam.; medullary vascular system absent. <b>Spines</b> (17–)21–41 per areole, ashy white, gray, or pale tan, tips of largest spines pinkish tan to reddish brown or reddish black, all straight; radial spines 15–41 per areole, gray, (5–)7–12(–13.5) mm, largest spines 0.1–0.2 mm diam.; subcentral spines 0–6 per areole; central spines usually 5; outer central spines (1–)3(–7) per areole, erect or ascending; inner central spines (0–)2 per areole, porrect or descending, longest spines (5–)10–15(–18) × 0.2–0.3(–0.5) mm. <b>Flowers</b> apical or nearly so, (18–)20–30(–32) × 20–45(–4) mm, sterile distal part of flower tube 5–8.5(–11) mm, longer than stamen-bearing part; outer tepals conspicuously fringed; inner tepals 21 per flower, pure white, pale rose-pink, or pale lavender-pink, darker centrally, midstripes ± inconspicuous, (9–)11–19 × 1.5–2.5(–3.5) mm; outer filaments cream; anthers pale yellow or nearly white; stigma lobes 4–6(–8), white, (1.8–)2–4 mm. <b>Fruits</b> bright red [green to maroon], ellipsoid, cylindric, or narrowly obovoid, (8–)13–25 × 3.5–6.5(–7.5) mm, not very succulent; floral remnant strongly persistent. <b>Seeds</b> reddish brown, darker with age, obliquely obovoid, 0.9–1 mm, pitted. <b>2n</b> = 22 (as C. strobiliformis, C. varicolor, and Escobaria tuberculosa).</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|phenology=Flowering (Apr-)May–Aug; fruiting Jul–Oct.
|habitat=Stony grasslands, oak-juniper savannas, Larrea scrub, often with Agave lechuguilla, limestone mountainsides or igneous rocks and novaculite
|elevation=500-1800(-2200) m
|distribution=N.Mex.;Tex.;Mexico (Chihuahua;Coahuila;Durango).
|discussion=<p>The names <i>Coryphantha</i> strobiliformis and Escobaria strobiliformis have been misapplied to <i>C. tuberculosa</i> by some recent authors (e.g., L. D. Benson 1982). Those names were based on <i>Echinocactus</i> strobiliformis Poselger, which is <i>C. chihuahuensis</i> (Britton & Rose) A. Berger.</p><!--
--><p>Despite strong superficial similarity to other species in the genus, <i>Coryphantha tuberculosa</i> seems taxonomically isolated. <i>Coryphantha tuberculosa</i> superficially resembles <i>C. sneedii</i>, from which it is distinguished by (1) giant lenticular druses absent (abundant in older pith and cortex of <i>C. sneedii</i>); (2) fruits in region of sympatry always red (green in most U.S. populations of <i>C. sneedii</i>); (3) maximal expansion of flowers in late afternoon, sometimes remaining fully open at sunset (unlike any other species of <i>Coryphantha</i>); (4) flowers larger than those of <i>C. sneedii</i>, either pure white or a characteristic shade of pale lavender-pink, identifiable at a glance when flowers are alive and open; (5) anthers pale yellow, nearly white (bright yellow in <i>C. sneedii</i>); and (6) sterile distal part of receptacular tube longer than the stamen-bearing portion (short in <i>C. sneedii</i>).</p><!--
--><p>On igneous and metamorphic substrates populations of <i>Coryphantha tuberculosa</i> mostly have unbranched stems. D. Weniger (1984) considered such populations to represent C. varicolor Tiegel; their reproductive structures, however, are identical to those of <i>C. tuberculosa</i>. Without seeds or flowers, mature specimens from such populations sometimes are indistinguishable from <i>C. dasyacantha</i> [hence the synonym <i>C. dasyacantha</i> var. varicolor (Tiegel) L. D. Benson].</p><!--
--><p><i>Coryphantha tuberculosa</i> is the type species of the segregate genus Escobaria, which includes the coryphanthas with pitted seeds.</p>
|tables=
|references=
}}<!--

--><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Coryphantha tuberculosa
|authority=(Engelmann) A. Berger
|rank=species
|parent rank=genus
|synonyms=Coryphantha dasyacantha var. varicolor;Coryphantha varicolor;Escobaria dasyacantha var. varicolor;Escobaria tuberculosa
|basionyms=Mamillaria tuberculosa
|family=Cactaceae
|phenology=Flowering (Apr-)May–Aug; fruiting Jul–Oct.
|habitat=Stony grasslands, oak-juniper savannas, Larrea scrub, often with Agave lechuguilla, limestone mountainsides or igneous rocks and novaculite
|elevation=500-1800(-2200) m
|distribution=N.Mex.;Tex.;Mexico (Chihuahua;Coahuila;Durango).
|reference=None
|publication title=Kakteen,
|publication year=1929
|special status=
|source xml=https://jpend@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation.git/src/f50eec43f223ca0e34566be0b046453a0960e173/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V4/V4_419.xml
|subfamily=Cactaceae subfam. Cactoideae
|genus=Coryphantha
|species=Coryphantha tuberculosa
}}<!--

-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Coryphantha]]