View source for Quercus fusiformis

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Quercus fusiformis
|accepted_authority=Small
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Bull. Torrey Bot. Club
|place=28: 357. 1901
|year=1901
}}
|common_names=Texas live oak
|special_status={{Treatment/ID/Special_status
|code=F
|label=Illustrated
}}{{Treatment/ID/Special_status
|code=W
|label=Weedy
}}
|basionyms=
|synonyms={{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Quercus virginiana var. fusiformis
|authority=(Small) Sargent
|rank=variety
}}
|hierarchy=Fagaceae;Quercus;Quercus sect. Quercus;Quercus fusiformis
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Fagaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Quercus]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>section</small>[[Quercus sect. Quercus]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>species</small>[[Quercus fusiformis]]</div></div>
|volume=Volume 3
|mention_page=
|treatment_page=
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Trees,</b> sometimes shrubs, subevergreen, trees to 25 m, shrubs often forming large clonal stands. <b>Bark</b> dark brown or black, scaly. <b>Twigs</b> light gray, 1.5-3 mm diam., tomentulose, tomentulum often persistent in age. <b>Buds</b> reddish or dark brown, subglobose or ovate, 1.5-3 mm; scale margins glabrous or puberulent. <b>Leaves</b>: petiole 2-8(-12) mm. <b>Leaf</b> blade oblong-elliptic to narrowly ovate or lanceolate, sometimes obovate, ± planar, (10-)35-90(-150) × (15-)20-40(-85) mm, base rounded to truncate or cordate, rarely cuneate, margins minutely revolute or flat, entire or irregularly 1-3 toothed on each side, teeth mucronate (rarely spinose in suckers or juveniles), secondary veins obscure, 8-10 on each side, apex obtuse-rounded or acute; surfaces abaxially whitish or glaucous, densely covered with minute, appressed, fused-stellate hairs, light green and glabrate in shade leaves, adaxially dark or light green, glossy, glabrous or with minute, scattered, stellate hairs. <b>Acorns</b> 1-3, on peduncle 3-30 mm; cup funnel-shaped, hemispheric, or deeply goblet-shaped, 8-15 mm deep × 6-12(-15) mm wide, base often constricted, scales whitish or grayish, thickened basally, keeled, acute-attenuate, tomentulose, tips reddish, glabrous or puberulent; nut dark brown, often with light brown longitudinal stripes, subfusiform and acute to narrowly barrel-shaped, rarely distally rounded, (17-)20-30(-33) × 8-15 mm, glabrous. <b>Cotyledons</b> connate.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|phenology=Flowering spring.
|habitat=Hills, grasslands, scrublands, open woodlands, oak-juniper woodland, and margins of thorn scrub, often on limestone or deep calcareous loams, sometimes on granular sand or gravel
|elevation=0-1200 m
|distribution=Okla.;Tex.;Mexico (Coahuila;Nuevo León;and Tamaulipas).
|discussion=<p>The difficulty in distinguishing Texas populations of <i>Quercus fusiformis</i> from <i>Q. virginiana</i> is reflected in a variety of taxonomic treatments, including reducing <i>Q. fusiformis</i> to varietal rank under <i>Q. virginiana</i>. The latter disposition is problematic, however, because <i>Q. fusiformis</i> in northeastern Mexico is amply distinct from <i>Q. virginiana</i> and appears to be more closely related to Q. brandegei Goldmann, an endemic of Baja California, Mexico. Thus, here we assume that the intergradation of <i>Q. virginiana</i> and <i>Q. fusiformis</i> is a result of secondary contact, and is not primary clinal variation. Under this interpretation, <i>Q. virginiana</i> in typical form extends into Texas only as far west as the Brazos River drainage along the coast from there to the escarpment of the Edwards Plateau; most populations elsewhere are either intermediate between the two species or show greater affinity with <i>Q. fusiformis</i>. On the Edwards Plateau, the live oak populations are small trees forming rhizomatous copses (shinneries) and having mostly acute acorns.</p><!--
--><p>Populations of live oak on deep sands in south Texas differ from typical <i>Quercus fusiformis</i> in having broader, more rounded leaves, often with the secondary veins somewhat impressed abaxially, and relatively blunt, barrel-shaped acorns. These characteristics suggest introgresion from the Mexican-Central American species Q. oleoides Schlechtendal & Chamisso, which in its typical form reaches north only as far as southern Tamaulipas, Mexico. The name Q. oleoides var. quaterna C. H. Muller has been applied to what is apparently a shrub form of one of these <i>Q. fusiformis</i> × Q. oleoides hybrids.</p>
|tables=
|references=
}}<!--

--><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Quercus fusiformis
|authority=Small
|rank=species
|parent rank=section
|synonyms=Quercus virginiana var. fusiformis
|basionyms=
|family=Fagaceae
|phenology=Flowering spring.
|habitat=Hills, grasslands, scrublands, open woodlands, oak-juniper woodland, and margins of thorn scrub, often on limestone or deep calcareous loams, sometimes on granular sand or gravel
|elevation=0-1200 m
|distribution=Okla.;Tex.;Mexico (Coahuila;Nuevo León;and Tamaulipas).
|reference=None
|publication title=Bull. Torrey Bot. Club
|publication year=1901
|special status=Illustrated;Weedy
|source xml=https://jpend@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation.git/src/f50eec43f223ca0e34566be0b046453a0960e173/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V3/V3_200.xml
|genus=Quercus
|section=Quercus sect. Quercus
|species=Quercus fusiformis
}}<!--

-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Quercus sect. Quercus]]