View source for Viola nephrophylla

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Viola nephrophylla
|accepted_authority=Greene
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Pittonia
|place=3: 144. 1896
|year=1896
}}
|common_names=Northern bog violet;violette néphrophylle
|special_status={{Treatment/ID/Special_status
|code=E
|label=Endemic
}}
|basionyms=
|synonyms={{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Viola arizonica
|authority=Greene
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=V. austiniae
|authority=Greene
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=V. cognata
|authority=Greene
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=V. crassula
|authority=Greene
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=V. galacifolia
|authority=Greene
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=V. lunellii
|authority=Greene
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=V. mccabeiana
|authority=M. S. Baker
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=V. nephrophylla var. arizonica
|authority=(Greene) Kearney & Peebles
|rank=variety
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=V. nephrophylla var. cognata
|authority=(Greene) C. L. Hitchcock
|rank=variety
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=V. peramoena
|authority=Greene
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=V. pratincola
|authority=Greene
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=V. prionosepala
|authority=Greene
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=V. retusa
|authority=Greene
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=V. subjuncta
|authority=
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=V. vagula
|authority=
|rank=species
}}
|hierarchy=Violaceae;Viola;Viola nephrophylla
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Violaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Viola]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>species</small>[[Viola nephrophylla]]</div></div>
|volume=Volume 6
|mention_page=page 116, 119, 120, 128
|treatment_page=page 139
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Plants </b>perennial, acaulescent, not stoloniferous, 5–15 cm; rhizome slender, becoming thick and fleshy with age. <b>Leaves</b> basal, 4–7, ascending to erect; stipules lanceolate, margins entire or fimbriate, apex acute; petiole 2–25 cm, usually glabrous; blade usually grayish green or purplish green abaxially, unlobed, ovate, reniform, or broadly reniform to orbiculate, 1–7 × 1–7 cm, somewhat fleshy, base broadly cordate or reniform to ± truncate, margins crenate to serrate, ciliate or eciliate, apex acute to obtuse or rounded, surfaces usually glabrous, rarely sparsely pubescent. <b>Peduncles</b> 3–25 cm, usually glabrous. <b>Flowers</b>: sepals ovate, margins usually eciliate, auricles 1–2 mm; petals deep bluish violet on both surfaces, lower 3 white basally and darker violet-veined, lateral 2 bearded, upper 2 sometimes sparsely bearded, lowest densely bearded or beardless, 10–28 mm, spur same color as petals, gibbous, 2–3 mm; style head beardless; cleistogamous flowers on erect to ascending peduncles. <b>Capsules</b> ovoid, 5–10 mm, glabrous. <b>Seeds</b> beige to brown or dark brown, 1.5–2.5 mm. <b>2n</b> = 54.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|phenology=Flowering Jan–Sep.
|habitat=Wet habitats in saturated soil in prairies, pastures, bogs, fens, sedge meadows, rocky shores of lakes and streams, limestone outcrops, gravelly calcareous stream beds
|elevation=100–3000 m
|distribution=Alta.;B.C.;Man.;N.B.;Nfld. and Labr. (Nfld.);N.W.T.;N.S.;Nunavut;Ont.;P.E.I.;Que.;Sask.;Yukon;Ariz.;Ark.;Calif.;Colo.;Conn.;Idaho;Ill.;Iowa;Kans.;Maine;Mass.;Mich.;Minn.;Mont.;Nebr.;Nev.;N.H.;N.Mex.;N.Y.;N.Dak.;Ohio;Oreg.;Pa.;S.Dak.;Tex.;Utah;Vt.;Wash.;W.Va.;Wis.;Wyo.
|discussion=<p><i>Viola nephrophylla</i> has the widest distribution in North America of any of the acaulescent blue violets.</p><!--
--><p>There is some question whether the species we now know as <i>Viola nephrophylla</i> fits with the protologue and type specimen(s). McKinney examined the type designated by Greene; it appears that what most botanists have called <i>V. nephrophylla</i> may be an undescribed taxon. N. L. Gil-Ad (1997) believed Greene’s type contained plants that were genetically impure based on seed coat micromorphology and suggested the specimens might be a mixture of both orthospecies and introgressants.</p><!--
--><p><i>Viola</i> mccabeiana was described by M. S. Baker in 1940 from collections made in British Columbia. Later, Baker (1949b) discussed the reasons why the name V. mccabeiana needed to be abandoned. C. L. Hitchcock et al. (1955–1969, vol. 3) treated V. mccabeiana as synonymous with <i>V. nephrophylla</i> var. cognata. While <i>Viola</i> mccabeiana is recognized in Canada (L. Brouillet et al., http://data.canadensys.net/vascan/), we believe it is best included within <i>V. nephrophylla</i>.</p><!--
--><p><i>Viola nephrophylla</i> reportedly hybridizes with <i>V. cucullata</i> (= V. ×insessa House), <i>V. sororia</i> var. sororia (= V. ×napae House), and <i>V. affinis</i> (= V. ×subaffinis House).</p>
|tables=
|references=
}}<!--

--><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Viola nephrophylla
|authority=Greene
|rank=species
|parent rank=genus
|synonyms=Viola arizonica;V. austiniae;V. cognata;V. crassula;V. galacifolia;V. lunellii;V. mccabeiana;V. nephrophylla var. arizonica;V. nephrophylla var. cognata;V. peramoena;V. pratincola;V. prionosepala;V. retusa;V. subjuncta;V. vagula
|basionyms=
|family=Violaceae
|phenology=Flowering Jan–Sep.
|habitat=Wet habitats in saturated soil in prairies, pastures, bogs, fens, sedge meadows, rocky shores of lakes and streams, limestone outcrops, gravelly calcareous stream beds
|elevation=100–3000 m
|distribution=Alta.;B.C.;Man.;N.B.;Nfld. and Labr. (Nfld.);N.W.T.;N.S.;Nunavut;Ont.;P.E.I.;Que.;Sask.;Yukon;Ariz.;Ark.;Calif.;Colo.;Conn.;Idaho;Ill.;Iowa;Kans.;Maine;Mass.;Mich.;Minn.;Mont.;Nebr.;Nev.;N.H.;N.Mex.;N.Y.;N.Dak.;Ohio;Oreg.;Pa.;S.Dak.;Tex.;Utah;Vt.;Wash.;W.Va.;Wis.;Wyo.
|reference=None
|publication title=Pittonia
|publication year=1896
|special status=Endemic
|source xml=https://jpend@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation.git/src/f50eec43f223ca0e34566be0b046453a0960e173/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V6/V6_237.xml
|genus=Viola
|species=Viola nephrophylla
}}<!--

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