View source for Bistorta

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Bistorta
|accepted_authority=(Linnaeus) Scopoli
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Meth. Pl.,
|place=24. 1754
|year=1754
}}
|common_names=Bistort
|basionyms={{Treatment/ID/Basionym
|name=Bistorta
|authority=Linnaeus
|rank=unranked
|publication_title=Sp. Pl.
|publication_place=1: 360. 1753
}}
|synonyms=
|hierarchy=Polygonaceae;Polygonaceae subfam. Polygonoideae;Bistorta
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Polygonaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>subfamily</small>[[Polygonaceae subfam. Polygonoideae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Bistorta]]</div></div>
|etymology=Latin, bi -, twice, and tortus, twisted, alluding to the rhizomes of some species
|volume=Volume 5
|mention_page=page 479, 480, 574
|treatment_page=page 594
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Herbs,</b> perennial; roots fibrous, rhizomatous. <b>Stems</b> erect, simple, glabrous. <b>Leaves</b> mostly basal, some cauline, alternate, petiolate or sessile; ocrea persistent or disintegrating with age and deciduous entirely or distally, chartaceous; blade linear or lanceolate to elliptic, oblong-ovate, or ovate, margins entire or obscurely and irregularly repand. <b>Inflorescences</b> terminal, spikelike. <b>Pedicels</b> present. <b>Flowers</b> bisexual, 1–2 per ocreate fascicle, base not stipelike; perianth nonaccrescent, white, greenish white, pink, or purplish pink, rarely red, campanulate, glabrous; tepals 5, connate proximally ca. 1/5 their length, petaloid, monomorphic or slightly dimorphic, outer larger than inner; stamens 5–8, sometimes poorly developed; filaments distinct or connate basally, outer ones sometimes adnate to perianth tube, glabrous; anthers yellow, pink, red, purple, or blackish, ovate to elliptic; styles 3, erect or spreading, distinct or connate proximally; stigmas 2–3, capitate. <b>Achenes</b> included or exserted, brown to dark brown, unwinged, 3-gonous, glabrous. <b>Seeds</b>: embryo curved. <b>x</b> = 11, 12.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=Arctic and temperate North America;Europe;Asia.
|discussion=<p>Species ca. 50 (4 in the flora).</p><!--
--><p><i>Bistorta</i> often is included in <i>Polygonum</i> in the broad sense or in <i>Persicaria</i>. It is accepted here as a distinct genus based on habit, morphology, and anatomy (K. Haraldson 1978; L.-P. Ronse Decraene and J. R. Akeroyd 1988). In the species of the flora area, the base of the petiole forms a long, tubular sheath distal to the node from which the leaf arises and proximal to the point of divergence of the petiole. Distal to the sheath is the ocrea, which usually is darker and thinner.</p>
|tables=
|references=
}}<!--

--><div class="treatment-key">
==Key==
<div class="treatment-key-group">
  
{| class="wikitable fna-keytable"
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Inflorescences narrowly elongate-cylindric, (15-)20-90 × 4-10 mm, usually bearing pyriform, pink to brown or purple bulblets proximally
|[[Bistorta vivipara|Bistorta vivipara]]
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Inflorescences short-cylindric to ovoid, 10-70 × 8-25 mm, bulblets absent
|[[#key-0-2| > 2]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Leaf blade bases abruptly contracted, truncate to cuneate; petioles prominently winged distally; perianths pink
|[[Bistorta officinalis|Bistorta officinalis]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Leaf blade bases usually tapered to rounded, rarely abruptly truncate or cuneate; petioles wingless or rarely winged distally; perianths white to pale pink, bright pink, or purplish pink
|[[#key-0-3| > 3]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Perianths bright pink or purplish pink; basal leaf blades with apices rounded to acute; plants (8-)10-40(-50) cm; n Canada, Alaska
|[[Bistorta plumosa|Bistorta plumosa]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Perianths white or pale pink; basal leaf blades with apices usually acute to acuminate, rarely obtuse; plants (10-)20-70(-75) cm; sw Canada, w United States
|[[Bistorta bistortoides|Bistorta bistortoides]]
|}
</div></div><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Bistorta
|author=Craig C. Freeman;Harold R. Hinds†
|authority=(Linnaeus) Scopoli
|rank=genus
|parent rank=subfamily
|synonyms=
|basionyms=Bistorta
|family=Polygonaceae
|illustrator=Yevonn Wilson-Ramsey
|illustration copyright=Flora of North America Association
|distribution=Arctic and temperate North America;Europe;Asia.
|reference=None
|publication title=Meth. Pl.,
|publication year=1754
|special status=
|source xml=https://jpend@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation.git/src/f50eec43f223ca0e34566be0b046453a0960e173/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V5/V5_1209.xml
|subfamily=Polygonaceae subfam. Polygonoideae
|genus=Bistorta
}}<!--

-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Polygonaceae subfam. Polygonoideae]]