View source for Polygonum polygaloides

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Polygonum polygaloides
|accepted_authority=Meisner in A. P. de Candolle and A. L. P. P. de Candolle
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=in A. P. de Candolle and A. L. P. P. de Candolle, Prodr.
|place=14: 101. 1856
|year=1856
}}
|common_names=Polygala knotweed
|basionyms=
|synonyms=
|hierarchy=Polygonaceae;Polygonaceae subfam. Polygonoideae;Polygonum;Polygonum sect. Duravia;Polygonum polygaloides
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Polygonaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>subfamily</small>[[Polygonaceae subfam. Polygonoideae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Polygonum]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>section</small>[[Polygonum sect. Duravia]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>species</small>[[Polygonum polygaloides]]</div></div>
|volume=Volume 5
|mention_page=page 561, 562
|treatment_page=page 565
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Herbs.</b> Stems erect, green, usually divaricately branched, rarely simple, ± wiry, (2–)6–20(–25) cm, glabrous. <b>Leaves</b> uniformly distributed, articulated to ocreae, basal leaves often caducous, distal leaves abruptly reduced to bracts; ocrea 4–8 mm, glabrous, proximal part cylindric, distal part silvery, with inconspicuous veins, lacerate; petiole absent; blade 3-veined, lateral veins sometimes inconspicuous, without pleats, narrowly linear, 10–40 × 1–2.5 mm, margins ± revolute, smooth, apex acute or mucronate. <b>Inflorescences</b> axillary and terminal, spikelike, subglobose to cylindric; cymes in most axils or crowded distally, 1–3-flowered. <b>Pedicels</b> enclosed in ocreae, erect, 0.1–2 mm, sometimes absent. <b>Flowers</b> mostly closed; perianth 1.5–3 mm; tube 19–40% of perianth length; tepals overlapping, uniformly white, pink, or red, petaloid, oblong-lanceolate, ± navicular, apex acute to acuminate; midveins usually unbranched or with 2 lateral branches proximally, moderately to strongly thickened, tepals appearing ± keeled; stamens 3–8. <b>Achenes</b> enclosed in perianth, light yellow, light brown, or greenish brown to dark brown, ovate to lanceolate, 1.3–2.5 mm, faces subequal, shiny or dull, smooth or reticulate with longitudinal ridges.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=w North America.
|discussion=<p>Subspecies 4 (4 in the flora).</p><!--
--><p>J. C. Hickman’s (1993c) treatment of the <i>Polygonum polygaloides</i> complex is provisionally accepted here. Most of the intermediate specimens occur between subspp. confertiflorum, esotericum, and kelloggii. Alternatively, <i>P. polygaloides</i> could be recognized in the narrow sense and the three other taxa could be treated as subspecies of a separate <i>P. kelloggii</i>, the earliest available binomial.</p>
|tables=
|references=
}}<!--

--><div class="treatment-key">
==Key==
<div class="treatment-key-group">
  
{| class="wikitable fna-keytable"
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Margins of bracts green, if white then scarious border less than 0.2 mm wide
|[[#key-0-2| > 2]]
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Margins of bracts white, scarious border (0.2-)0.25-1 mm wide
|[[#key-0-3| > 3]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Achenes lanceolate, 2-2.5 mm; bracts elliptic-lanceolate, appressed, rigid; stamens 5-8
|[[Polygonum polygaloides subsp. esotericum|Polygonum polygaloides subsp. esotericum]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Achenes ovate, 1.3-1.7 mm; bracts linear to linear-lanceolate, ± patent, soft; stamens 3
|[[Polygonum polygaloides subsp. kelloggii|Polygonum polygaloides subsp. kelloggii]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Inflorescences narrowly cylindric, continuous from bases of branches or stems; achenes 2-2.5 mm, lanceolate
|[[Polygonum polygaloides subsp. esotericum|Polygonum polygaloides subsp. esotericum]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Inflorescences round to ovate or cylindric, confined to tips of branches, rarely continuous from bases of branches or stems; achenes 1.3-2.1 mm, ovate-lanceolate to ovate
|[[#key-0-4| > 4]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Inflorescences round to ovate; scarious borders of bracts 0.5-1 mm wide; stamens8
|[[Polygonum polygaloides subsp. polygaloides|Polygonum polygaloides subsp. polygaloides]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Inflorescences ovate to cylindric; scarious borders of bracts 0.25-0.4 mm wide; stamens 3
|[[Polygonum polygaloides subsp. confertiflorum|Polygonum polygaloides subsp. confertiflorum]]
|}
</div></div><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Polygonum polygaloides
|authority=Meisner in A. P. de Candolle and A. L. P. P. de Candolle
|rank=species
|parent rank=section
|synonyms=
|basionyms=
|family=Polygonaceae
|distribution=w North America.
|reference=None
|publication title=in A. P. de Candolle and A. L. P. P. de Candolle, Prodr.
|publication year=1856
|special status=
|source xml=https://jpend@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation.git/src/f50eec43f223ca0e34566be0b046453a0960e173/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V5/V5_1154.xml
|subfamily=Polygonaceae subfam. Polygonoideae
|genus=Polygonum
|section=Polygonum sect. Duravia
|species=Polygonum polygaloides
}}<!--

-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Polygonum sect. Duravia]]