View source for Trillium sulcatum

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Trillium sulcatum
|accepted_authority=T. S. Patrick
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Brittonia
|place=36: 27, figs. 1–4. 1984
|year=1984
}}
|common_names=Southern red trillium;Barksdale trillium
|basionyms=
|synonyms=
|hierarchy=Liliaceae;Trillium;Trillium subg. Trillium;Trillium sulcatum
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Liliaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Trillium]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>subgenus</small>[[Trillium subg. Trillium]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>species</small>[[Trillium sulcatum]]</div></div>
|volume=Volume 26
|mention_page=page 94
|treatment_page=page 104
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Rhizomes </b>horizontal–slightly erect, thick, praemorse. <b>Scapes</b> 1–4+, round in cross section, 3–7 dm, 2–2.5 times as long as bract, stout, glabrous. <b>Bracts</b> subsessile; blade obovate to broadly elliptic, 13–20 × 8–22 cm, not glossy, base attenuate, apex acuminate. <b>Flower</b> facing outward at right angle to pedicel, above bracts, odor faintly musty, like fresh fungus; perianth gaping, strongly 3-dimensional; sepals spreading, usually streaked or entirely purplish maroon, occasionally entirely green except on margins, elliptic, 15–38 × 9–15 mm, margins entire, apex strongly sulcate-acuminate; petals carried somewhat forward to recurved-spreading in distal 1/2, usually dark reddish maroon to purplish, rarely cream to soft yellow, pink, white, or 2-colored, heavy-veined, ovate to broadly ovate-overlapping, 1.8–5 × 1–3 cm, heavy-textured, apex acuminate, rarely somewhat sulcate; stamens erect, ± equaling or slightly longer than ovary, 15–18 mm; filaments purple to white, 3–5 mm, slender; anthers straight, purplish to yellow, 5–12 mm, thick, dehiscence introrse; connectives equaling or ± shorter than anther sacs; ovary usually dark purple, globose to flask-shaped, 6-angled, 14–18 mm, broadly attached basally; stigmas prominent, recurved, distinct, purple, not lobed adaxially, basally thickened, gradually tapered, 2–5 mm, fleshy; pedicel usually stiffly erect (rarely almost horizontal above bracts), straight, reflexed ± 90° at tip, 6–11 cm. <b>Fruits</b> red, fragrance of fresh mushrooms, ± globose to pyramidal, 1.5–3 × 1.2–2.8 cm, juicy to pulpy. <b>2n</b> = 10.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|phenology=Flowering mid spring (Apr–May).
|habitat=Rich mesic woodlands, especially moist north- or east-facing slopes, wooded ledges and stream banks on neutral to slightly acid soil
|elevation=300–400 m
|distribution=Ala.;Ga.;Ky.;N.C.;Tenn.;Va.;W.Va.
|discussion=<p><i>Trillium sulcatum</i> is present mainly on the Cumberland Plateau and is absent from the Great Smoky Mountains and the southern Blue Ridge Mountains.</p><!--
--><p>T. S. Patrick (1984) described <i>Trillium sulcatum</i> flowers as “relatively small and turned downward.” This is true of plants from the type locality; however, in most plants of the Cumberland Plateau, the flowers are quite large and flattened, and the petals are recurved distally and face outward.</p>
|tables=
|references={{Treatment/Reference
|id=patrick1984a
|text=Patrick, T. S. 1984. Trillium sulcatum (Liliaceae), a new species of the southern Appalachians. Brittonia 36: 26–36.
}}
}}<!--

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-->{{#Taxon:
name=Trillium sulcatum
|authority=T. S. Patrick
|rank=species
|parent rank=subgenus
|synonyms=
|basionyms=
|family=Liliaceae
|phenology=Flowering mid spring (Apr–May).
|habitat=Rich mesic woodlands, especially moist north- or east-facing slopes, wooded ledges and stream banks on neutral to slightly acid soil
|elevation=300–400 m
|distribution=Ala.;Ga.;Ky.;N.C.;Tenn.;Va.;W.Va.
|reference=patrick1984a
|publication title=Brittonia
|publication year=1984
|special status=
|source xml=https://jpend@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation.git/src/f50eec43f223ca0e34566be0b046453a0960e173/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V26/V26_115.xml
|genus=Trillium
|subgenus=Trillium subg. Trillium
|species=Trillium sulcatum
}}<!--

-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Trillium subg. Trillium]]