View source for Hamamelis virginiana

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Hamamelis virginiana
|accepted_authority=Linnaeus
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Sp. Pl.
|place=1: 124. 1753
|year=1753
}}
|common_names=Witch-hazel;café du diable;hamémelis
|special_status={{Treatment/ID/Special_status
|code=F
|label=Illustrated
}}
|basionyms=
|synonyms={{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Hamamelis androgyna
|authority=Walter
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Hamamelis corylifolia
|authority=Moench
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Hamamelis dioica
|authority=Walter
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Hamamelis macrophylla
|authority=Pursh
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Hamamelis virginiana var. angustifolia
|authority=Nieuwland
|rank=variety
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Hamamelis virginiana var. orbiculata
|authority=Nieuwland
|rank=variety
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Hamamelis virginica var. macrophylla
|authority=(Pursh) Nuttall
|rank=variety
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Hamamelis virginica var. parvifolia
|authority=Nuttall
|rank=variety
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Trilopus dentata
|authority=(Nuttall) Rafinesque
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Trilopus estivalis
|authority=Rafinesque
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Trilopus nigra
|authority=(Linnaeus) Rafinesque
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Trilopus nigra var. catesbiana
|authority=Rafinesque
|rank=variety
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Trilopus parvifolia
|authority=
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Trilopus rotundifolia
|authority=
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Trilopus virginica
|authority=
|rank=species
}}
|hierarchy=Hamamelidaceae;Hamamelis;Hamamelis virginiana
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Hamamelidaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Hamamelis]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>species</small>[[Hamamelis virginiana]]</div></div>
|volume=Volume 3
|mention_page=
|treatment_page=
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Shrubs </b>or small trees, to 6(-10.6) m, suckering, forming dense clumps, not aromatic and resinous. <b>Leaves</b> not persistent in winter; petioles 6-15(-20) mm. <b>Leaf</b> blade broad-elliptic to nearly rounded or obovate, 3.7-16.7 × 2.5-13 cm, base strongly oblique and rounded, sometimes somewhat cuneate and weakly oblique, apex acute to short-acuminate or broadly rounded; surfaces abaxially pale green, not glaucous. <b>Flowers</b> appearing in autumn, faintly fragrant; calyx adaxially yellow-green to yellow; petals pale to deep yellow, rarely reddish, 10-20 mm; staminodes conspicuously dilated. <b>Capsules</b> 10-14 mm. <b>Seeds</b> 5-9 mm. <b>2n</b> = 24.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|phenology=Flowering fall (Oct–Nov [Dec]).
|habitat=Dry woodland slopes, moist woods, bluffs, and high hammocks
|elevation=0-1500 m
|distribution=N.B.;N.S.;Ont.;Que.;Ala.;Ark.;Conn.;Del.;D.C.;Fla.;Ga.;Ill.;Ind.;Iowa;Ky.;La.;Maine;Md.;Mass.;Mich.;Minn.;Miss.;Mo.;N.H.;N.J.;N.Y.;N.C.;Ohio;Okla.;Pa.;R.I.;S.C.;Tenn.;Tex.;Vt.;Va.;W.Va.;Wis.
|discussion=<p><i>Hamamelis virginiana</i> exhibits a complex range of variation, not easily reconciled taxonomically, especially in the leaves and flowers. In the northern part of the range, the leaves are larger, averaging 9 × 2.6 cm, the petals are bright yellow, and the plants are normally shrubby. In South Carolina, Georgia, and Florida, the leaves are usually smaller, averaging 6.2 × 4.1 cm, the petals are distinctly pale yellow, and the plants sometimes attain small tree proportions, to 30 cm in trunk diameter. Such plants have been referred to as <i>H. virginiana</i> var. macrophylla. On the Ozark Plateau, <i>H. virginiana</i> and <i>H. vernalis</i> are sympatric. There the petals of <i>H. virginiana</i> are often reddish at the base, indicating the role of hybridization in that part of the range. Infraspecific taxa are not recognized for <i>H. virginiana</i> because no consistently defined pattern of variation or geographic correlation can be identified with this plant.</p><!--
--><p><i>Hamamelis virginiana</i> was well known as a medicinal plant by Native Americans. Cherokee, Chippewa, Iroquois, Menominee, Mohegan, and Potowatomi tribes used it as a cold remedy, dermatological aid, febrifuge, gynecological aid, eye medicine, kidney aid, and in other ways (D. E. Moerman 1986).</p><!--
--><p>Witch-hazel was subsequently used by the early European settlers in similar ways. A tea of the leaves was employed for a variety of medicinal purposes. The twigs were used as divining rods (water-witching), thus giving the vernacular name to the plant. Modern uses employ both the bark and leaves, and a good demand still exists for the pleasant-smelling water of witch-hazel, derived from the leaves and bark. The products are used in skin cosmetics, shaving lotions, mouth washes, eye lotion, ointments, and soaps.</p><!--
--><p><i>Hamamelis virginiana</i> is sometimes cultivated, largely for its autumn flowering.</p><!--
--><p>The largest known tree of <i>Hamamelis virginiana</i>, 10.6 m in height with a trunk diameter of 0.4 m, is recorded from Bedford, Virginia (American Forestry Association 1994).</p>
|tables=
|references=
}}<!--

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-->{{#Taxon:
name=Hamamelis virginiana
|authority=Linnaeus
|rank=species
|parent rank=genus
|synonyms=Hamamelis androgyna;Hamamelis corylifolia;Hamamelis dioica;Hamamelis macrophylla;Hamamelis virginiana var. angustifolia;Hamamelis virginiana var. orbiculata;Hamamelis virginica var. macrophylla;Hamamelis virginica var. parvifolia;Trilopus dentata;Trilopus estivalis;Trilopus nigra;Trilopus nigra var. catesbiana;Trilopus parvifolia;Trilopus rotundifolia;Trilopus virginica
|basionyms=
|family=Hamamelidaceae
|phenology=Flowering fall (Oct–Nov [Dec]).
|habitat=Dry woodland slopes, moist woods, bluffs, and high hammocks
|elevation=0-1500 m
|distribution=N.B.;N.S.;Ont.;Que.;Ala.;Ark.;Conn.;Del.;D.C.;Fla.;Ga.;Ill.;Ind.;Iowa;Ky.;La.;Maine;Md.;Mass.;Mich.;Minn.;Miss.;Mo.;N.H.;N.J.;N.Y.;N.C.;Ohio;Okla.;Pa.;R.I.;S.C.;Tenn.;Tex.;Vt.;Va.;W.Va.;Wis.
|reference=None
|publication title=Sp. Pl.
|publication year=1753
|special status=Illustrated
|source xml=https://jpend@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation.git/src/f50eec43f223ca0e34566be0b046453a0960e173/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V3/V3_410.xml
|genus=Hamamelis
|species=Hamamelis virginiana
}}<!--

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