View source for Crocanthemum bicknellii

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Crocanthemum bicknellii
|accepted_authority=(Fernald) Janchen in H. G. A. Engler et al.
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=in H. G. A. Engler et al., Nat. Pflanzenfam. ed.
|place=2, 21: 307. 1925
|year=1925
}}
|common_names=Hoary or plains frostweed
|special_status={{Treatment/ID/Special_status
|code=E
|label=Endemic
}}{{Treatment/ID/Special_status
|code=F
|label=Selected by author to be illustrated
}}
|basionyms={{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Helianthemum bicknellii
|authority=Fernald
}}
|synonyms={{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=H. canadense var. walkerae
|authority=W. H. Evans
}}
|hierarchy=Cistaceae;Crocanthemum;Crocanthemum bicknellii
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Cistaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Crocanthemum]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>species</small>[[Crocanthemum bicknellii]]</div></div>
|volume=Volume 6
|mention_page=page 401, 407
|treatment_page=page 402
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Herbs.</b> Stems erect, clustered on vertical caudex, (12–)20–50(–67) cm, simple or branched, stellate-pubescent to stellate-tomentose. <b>Leaves</b> cauline; petiole 1–4 mm; blade narrowly elliptic to oblanceolate, (10–)18–32(–40) × 4–7(–10) mm, surfaces stellate-tomentose abaxially, stellate-pubescent adaxially, without simple hairs, lateral veins raised abaxially. <b>Inflorescences</b> terminal, cymes; chasmogamous flowers 6–10(–18) per cyme; cleistogamous in glomerules, 1–10 flowers per glomerule, on lateral leafy branches 2.5–6 cm, flowering 1–3 months later than chasmogamous. <b>Pedicels</b> (1.5–)3–8(–12) mm; bracts 3–7 × 0.5–1 mm. <b>Chasmogamous</b> flowers: outer sepals linear, 3.5–4.5(–8) × 0.4–1 mm, inner sepals ovate-elliptic, 5–8 × 2.4–4 mm, apex acute; petals obovate, 8–12 × 5–10 mm; capsules 3–5.5 × 2.5–4.5 mm, glabrous. <b>Cleistogamous</b> flowers: outer sepals linear, 0.5–1.5 × 0.3 mm, inner sepals ovate-elliptic, 1.7–2.8 × 1.5–2.3 mm, apex acute capsules 1.5–2.2 × 1.2–2.2 mm, glabrous.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|phenology=Flowering Jun–Jul.
|habitat=Sandy or rocky barrens, glades, sandhills, prairies, fields, pine-oak woodlands, oak-hickory woodlands, montane outcrops and balds
|elevation=0–1500 m
|distribution=Man.;Ont.;Ark.;Colo.;Conn.;Del.;Ga.;Ill.;Ind.;Iowa;Kans.;Ky.;Maine;Md.;Mass.;Mich.;Minn.;Mo.;Nebr.;N.H.;N.J.;N.Y.;N.C.;Ohio;Pa.;R.I.;S.C.;S.Dak.;Tenn.;Vt.;Va.;W.Va.;Wis.;Wyo.
|discussion=<p>The dense, often crowded, cleistogamous flowers on branches of Crocanthemum bicknellii late in the season</p><!--
--><p>contrast strongly with the relatively few, terminal, petaliferous flowers early in the season. Its closest relative is 12. C. propinquum; see that treatment for identification aids. The names C. majus (Linnaeus) Britton and Helianthemum majus (Linnaeus) Bicknell have been misapplied to C. bicknellii. They were based on Lechea major Linnaeus, which is a synonym of C. canadense, based on types.</p>
|tables=
|references=
}}<!--

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-->{{#Taxon:
name=Crocanthemum bicknellii
|author=
|authority=(Fernald) Janchen in H. G. A. Engler et al.
|rank=species
|parent rank=genus
|synonyms=H. canadense var. walkerae
|basionyms=Helianthemum bicknellii
|family=Cistaceae
|phenology=Flowering Jun–Jul.
|habitat=Sandy or rocky barrens, glades, sandhills, prairies, fields, pine-oak woodlands, oak-hickory woodlands, montane outcrops and balds
|elevation=0–1500 m
|distribution=Man.;Ont.;Ark.;Colo.;Conn.;Del.;Ga.;Ill.;Ind.;Iowa;Kans.;Ky.;Maine;Md.;Mass.;Mich.;Minn.;Mo.;Nebr.;N.H.;N.J.;N.Y.;N.C.;Ohio;Pa.;R.I.;S.C.;S.Dak.;Tenn.;Vt.;Va.;W.Va.;Wis.;Wyo.
|reference=None
|publication title=in H. G. A. Engler et al., Nat. Pflanzenfam. ed.
|publication year=1925
|special status=Endemic;Selected by author to be illustrated
|source xml=https://jpend@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation.git/src/9216fc802291cd3df363fd52122300479582ede7/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V6/V6_760.xml
|genus=Crocanthemum
|species=Crocanthemum bicknellii
}}<!--

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