View source for Ratibida columnifera

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Ratibida columnifera
|accepted_authority=(Nuttall) Wooton & Standley
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb.
|place=19: 706. 1915
|year=1915
}}
|common_names=Upright prairie coneflower;redspike Mexican-hat.
|basionyms={{Treatment/ID/Basionym
|name=Rudbeckia columnifera
|authority=Nuttall
|rank=species
|publication_title=Cat. Pl. Upper Louisiana, no.
|publication_place=75. 1813
}}
|synonyms={{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Ratibida columnaris
|authority=(Sims) D. Don
|rank=species
}}
|hierarchy=Asteraceae;Asteraceae tribe Heliantheae;Asteraceae (tribe Heliantheae) subtribe Rudbeckiinae;Ratibida;Ratibida columnifera
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Asteraceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>tribe</small>[[Asteraceae tribe Heliantheae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>subtribe</small>[[Asteraceae (tribe Heliantheae) subtribe Rudbeckiinae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Ratibida]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>species</small>[[Ratibida columnifera]]</div></div>
|volume=Volume 21
|mention_page=page 61
|treatment_page=page 62
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Perennials,</b> to 105+ cm; taprooted. <b>Leaves</b> 2–15+ × 0.8–6 cm, 1–2-pinnatifid, lobes 3–14, narrowly linear-lanceolate to narrowly oblong-ovate, 1–16 mm wide, faces hirsute, gland-dotted. <b>Heads</b> 1–15, held well beyond leaves. <b>Peduncles</b> (1.5–)6.5–48+ cm (ribs tan, prominent). <b>Phyllaries</b> 5–14, outer linear, 4–14 × 0.5–2 mm, inner lanceolate-ovate, 0.8–3 × 0.8–2 mm. <b>Paleae</b> 2.3–3.5 × 0.5–3 mm, resin glands oval-oblanceolate, 0.6–1.5 mm. <b>Ray</b> florets 4–12; corollas yellow, purplish yellow, or maroon, sometimes bicolor (maroon/yellow), laminae lanceolate-ovate to elliptic-oblanceolate, 7–35 × 4–17 mm. <b>Discs</b> columnar, 10–50 × 7–12 mm. <b>Disc</b> florets 200–400+; corollas greenish yellow, often purplish distally, 1–2.5 mm; style branches 0.5–1.4 mm, proximal 2/3–3/4 stigmatic, apices rounded. <b>Cypselae</b> oblong, 1.2–3 × 1.2–2 mm, abaxial margins glabrous, adaxial margins and apices glabrous or ciliate; pappi (tan) usually of 1–2 toothlike projections, sometimes 0. <b>2n</b> = 28.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|phenology=Flowering Mar–Nov.
|habitat=Prairies
|elevation=10–2200 m
|distribution=Alta.;B.C.;Man.;Ont.;Sask.;Ariz.;Ark.;Colo.;Ill.;Ind.;Iowa;Kans.;La.;Mass.;Minn.;Mo.;Mont.;Nebr.;N.J.;N.Mex.;N.C.;N.Dak.;Okla.;S.Dak.;Tenn.;Tex.;Utah;Wis.;Wyo.;Mexico (Chihuahua;Coahuila;Hidalgo;Nuevo León;San Luis Potosí;Tamaulipas;Veracruz).
|discussion=<p><i>Ratibida columnifera</i> is grown as an ornamental and is often included in wild flower plantings. Such activities may extend the geographic range of the species to roadsides and prairie-like habitats.</p><!--
--><p>Some variants of <i>Ratibida columnifera</i> have been treated as varieties or forms. The most prominent of these is forma pulcherrima (de Candolle) Fernald, which is characterized by its showy, purplish yellow to purple rays; it is more frequent in the southwestern part of the range of the species. In the typical form, rays are yellow (E. L. Richards 1968).</p><!--
--><p>Some authors have argued that <i>Ratibida</i> columnaris (Sims) D. Don is the correct name for this species; J. L. Reveal (1968) and E. L. Richards (1968) provided synoptic discussions of the issue.</p>
|tables=
|references=
}}<!--

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-->{{#Taxon:
name=Ratibida columnifera
|authority=(Nuttall) Wooton & Standley
|rank=species
|parent rank=genus
|synonyms=Ratibida columnaris
|basionyms=Rudbeckia columnifera
|family=Asteraceae
|phenology=Flowering Mar–Nov.
|habitat=Prairies
|elevation=10–2200 m
|distribution=Alta.;B.C.;Man.;Ont.;Sask.;Ariz.;Ark.;Colo.;Ill.;Ind.;Iowa;Kans.;La.;Mass.;Minn.;Mo.;Mont.;Nebr.;N.J.;N.Mex.;N.C.;N.Dak.;Okla.;S.Dak.;Tenn.;Tex.;Utah;Wis.;Wyo.;Mexico (Chihuahua;Coahuila;Hidalgo;Nuevo León;San Luis Potosí;Tamaulipas;Veracruz).
|reference=None
|publication title=Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb.
|publication year=1915
|special status=
|source xml=https://jpend@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation.git/src/f50eec43f223ca0e34566be0b046453a0960e173/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V19-20-21/V21_135.xml
|tribe=Asteraceae tribe Heliantheae
|subtribe=Asteraceae (tribe Heliantheae) subtribe Rudbeckiinae
|genus=Ratibida
|species=Ratibida columnifera
}}<!--

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