View source for Hypochaeris

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Hypochaeris
|accepted_authority=Linnaeus
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Sp. Pl.
|place=2: 810. 1753
|year=1753
}}, {{Treatment/Publication
|title=Gen. Pl. ed.
|place=5, 352. 1754
|year=1754
}}
|common_names=Cat’s ear;swine’s succory
|basionyms=
|synonyms=
|hierarchy=Asteraceae;Asteraceae tribe Cichorieae;Hypochaeris
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Asteraceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>tribe</small>[[Asteraceae tribe Cichorieae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Hypochaeris]]</div></div>
|etymology=Greek hypo, beneath, and choiras, pig, alluding to pigs digging for roots
|volume=Volume 19
|mention_page=page 214, 216, 298
|treatment_page=page 297
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Annuals,</b> biennials, or perennials, 10–60 cm; taprooted and with caudices. <b>Stems</b> 1–15, erect, branched or unbranched, glabrate or coarsely hirsute. <b>Leaves</b> basal or basal and proximally cauline; petiolate or sessile; blades oblanceolate to oblong or elliptic, margins entire or dentate to pinnately lobed (faces glabrous or hirsute). <b>Heads</b> borne singly or in loose, cymiform, paniculiform, or corymbiform arrays. <b>Peduncles</b> slightly inflated distally, minutely bracteate. <b>Calyculi</b> 0 (or indistinguishable from phyllaries). <b>Involucres</b> cylindric or campanulate, 5–20 mm diam. (12–25 mm in fruit). <b>Phyllaries</b> 20–30 in 3–4 series, unequal, linear-lanceolate, glabrous, glabrate, or coarsely hirsute. <b>Receptacles</b> flat, slightly pitted, paleate; paleae linear to subulate, scarious. <b>Florets</b> 20–100+; corollas usually yellow or orange, sometimes grayish green or reddish abaxially, rarely white, (not deliquescent). <b>Cypselae</b> monomorphic (all beaked) or dimorphic (outer truncate, inner beaked), usually brown to golden, bodies ellipsoid or fusiform, ribs 4–5 or 10, faces ± muricate, otherwise glabrous; pappi persistent, of 40–60+, white to tan bristles in 1 (all plumose) or in 2 series (outer barbellate, shorter than plumose inner). <b>x</b> = 4, 5.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=South America;s Europe;n Africa;Asia.
|discussion=<p>Species 60+ (4 in the flora).</p><!--
--><p><i>Hypochaeris</i> is similar to and closely related to <i>Leontodon</i>, from which it is distinguished mainly by its paleate receptacles and unequal phyllaries. Plumose pappus bristles are characteristic of both <i>Hypochaeris</i> and <i>Leontodon</i>. Molecular studies indicate the South American species of <i>Hypochaeris</i> are a monophyletic group derived from European stock that has undergone a recent and rapid radiation in the New World (R. Samuel et al. 2003). Two South American species are found as weeds in the flora area.</p>
|tables=
|references={{Treatment/Reference
|id=samuel2003a
|text=Samuel, R. et al. 2003. Phylogenetic relationships among species of Hypochaeris (Asteraceae, Cichorieae) based on ITS, plastid trnL intron, trnL-F spacer, and matK sequences. Amer. J. Bot. 90: 496–507.
}}
}}<!--

--><div class="treatment-key">
==Key==
<div class="treatment-key-group">
  
{| class="wikitable fna-keytable"
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Leaves basal and proximally cauline; pappus bristles in 1 series, all plumose.
|[[#key-0-2| > 2]]
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Leaves all or mostly basal; pappus bristles in 2 series: outer barbellate, shorter than plumose inner
|[[#key-0-3| > 3]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Involucres broadly campanulate; phyllaries ± hirsute medially; corollas yellow.
|[[Hypochaeris chillensis|Hypochaeris chillensis]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Involucres cylindric or narrowly campanulate; phyllaries glabrous or sparsely tomentulose; corollas white
|[[Hypochaeris microcephala|Hypochaeris microcephala]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Annuals; leaves usually glabrous or glabrate. sometimes hirsute on veins; florets ± equaling phyllaries at flowering; cypselae dimorphic, outer truncate, inner beaked.
|[[Hypochaeris glabra|Hypochaeris glabra]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Perennials; leaves ± hirsute; florets surpassing phyllaries at flowering; cypselae monomorphic, all beaked
|[[Hypochaeris radicata|Hypochaeris radicata]]
|}
</div></div><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Hypochaeris
|author=David J. Bogler
|authority=Linnaeus
|rank=genus
|parent rank=tribe
|synonyms=
|basionyms=
|family=Asteraceae
|illustrator=Bee F. Gunn
|illustration copyright=Flora of North America Association
|distribution=South America;s Europe;n Africa;Asia.
|introduced=true
|reference=samuel2003a
|publication title=Sp. Pl.;Gen. Pl. ed.
|publication year=1753;1754
|special status=
|source xml=https://jpend@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation.git/src/f50eec43f223ca0e34566be0b046453a0960e173/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V19-20-21/V19_432.xml
|tribe=Asteraceae tribe Cichorieae
|genus=Hypochaeris
}}<!--

-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Asteraceae tribe Cichorieae]]