View source for Carex nigra

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Carex nigra
|accepted_authority=(Linnaeus) Reichard
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Fl. Moeno-Francof.
|place=2: 96. 1778
|year=1778
}}
|common_names=Carex noir
|basionyms={{Treatment/ID/Basionym
|name=Carex acuta var. nigra
|authority=Linnaeus
|rank=variety
|publication_title=Sp. Pl.
|publication_place=2: 978. 1753
}}
|synonyms={{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Carex ×aquanigra
|authority=B. Boivin
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Carex nigra var. strictiformis
|authority=(L. H. Bailey) Fernald
|rank=variety
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Carex vulgaris var. strictiformis
|authority=L. H. Bailey
|rank=variety
}}
|hierarchy=Cyperaceae;Carex;Carex sect. Phacocystis;Carex nigra
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Cyperaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Carex]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>section</small>[[Carex sect. Phacocystis]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>species</small>[[Carex nigra]]</div></div>
|volume=Volume 23
|mention_page=page 379, 381, 382, 383, 384, 385, 390, 393
|treatment_page=page 394
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Plants </b>not cespitose. <b>Culms</b> acutely angled, 10–110 cm, scabrous. <b>Leaves</b>: basal sheaths red-brown; sheaths of proximal leaves glabrous, fronts lacking spots and veins, apex truncate; blades epistomic, 2–4.5 mm wide, adaxially papillose. <b>Inflorescences</b>: proximal bract subequal to inflorescence, 1.5–4 mm wide. <b>Spikes</b> erect; proximal 2–3 spikes pistillate, 1.2–4.2 cm × 3–5 mm, base obtuse or acute; terminal 1–2 spikes staminate. <b>Pistillate</b> scales dark purple-brown or black, shorter than perigynia, apex obtuse, awnless. <b>Perigynia</b> ascending, pale brown with red-brown or black spots on apical 1/2, occasionally black on apical 1/2, 3–9-veined on each face, somewhat flattened, tightly enclosing achenes, stipitate, ellipsoid or obovoid, 2–3.7 × 1.1–2.1 mm, somewhat leathery, dull, base truncate, distended, apex obtuse or rounded, papillose; stipe 0.1–0.3 mm; beak red-brown or black, 0.1–0.2 mm, orifice scabrous. <b>Achenes</b> not constricted, whitish iridescent, base adnate to perigynium. <b>2n</b> = 83, 84, 85.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|phenology=Fruiting Jul–Aug.
|habitat=Wet meadows
|elevation=0–200 m
|distribution=Greenland;St. Pierre and Miquelon;N.B.;Nfld. and Labr.;N.S.;P.E.I.;Que.;Conn.;Maine;Mass.;Mich.;N.H.;N.Y.;Vt.;Europe;w. Asia.
|discussion=<p>Plants of <i>Carex nigra</i> are variable in height and degree of development of rhizomes, but are not separable into distinct taxa. Much less morphologic or ecotypic variation appears to exist in North America than in Europe (A. O. Chater 1980). In North America, <i>C. nigra</i> hybridizes with <i>C. stricta</i>, <i>C. aquatilis</i>, <i>C. paleacea</i>, <i>C. subspathacea</i>, and <i>C. salina</i>. It is a member of the C. acuta subgroup, based on the veined, stipitate perigynia distended by the base of the achenes; it differs from the related sympatric <i>C. lenticularis</i> by the rhizomatous habit, dark green leaves, black scales and perigynia, and short inflorescence bract.</p><!--
--><p><i>Carex nigra</i> appears to be declining in abundance in southern New England as a result of changing patterns of land use and the loss of wet fields and pastures.</p>
|tables=
|references=
}}<!--

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-->{{#Taxon:
name=Carex nigra
|authority=(Linnaeus) Reichard
|rank=species
|parent rank=section
|synonyms=Carex ×aquanigra;Carex nigra var. strictiformis;Carex vulgaris var. strictiformis
|basionyms=Carex acuta var. nigra
|family=Cyperaceae
|phenology=Fruiting Jul–Aug.
|habitat=Wet meadows
|elevation=0–200 m
|distribution=Greenland;St. Pierre and Miquelon;N.B.;Nfld. and Labr.;N.S.;P.E.I.;Que.;Conn.;Maine;Mass.;Mich.;N.H.;N.Y.;Vt.;Europe;w. Asia.
|reference=None
|publication title=Fl. Moeno-Francof.
|publication year=1778
|special status=
|source xml=https://jpend@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation.git/src/f50eec43f223ca0e34566be0b046453a0960e173/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V23/V23_702.xml
|genus=Carex
|section=Carex sect. Phacocystis
|species=Carex nigra
}}<!--

-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Carex sect. Phacocystis]]