View source for Cyperus

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Cyperus
|accepted_authority=Linnaeus
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Sp. Pl.
|place=1: 44. 1753
|year=1753
}}, {{Treatment/Publication
|title=Gen. Pl. ed.
|place=5, 26. 1754
|year=1754
}}
|common_names=Umbrella-sedge;flatsedge
|basionyms=
|synonyms=
|hierarchy=Cyperaceae;Cyperus
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Cyperaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Cyperus]]</div></div>
|etymology=Greek kupeiros, name for Eurasian Cyperus longus Linnaeus
|volume=Volume 23
|mention_page=page 7, 154, 162, 163, 164, 168, 170, 184
|treatment_page=page 141
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Herbs,</b> perennial or less often annual, cespitose or not, rhizomatous, stoloniferous, rarely tuberous. <b>Culms</b> solitary or not, trigonous or round, glabrous or scabridulous with extrorse or antrorse (rarely retrorse) prickles. <b>Leaves</b> usually basal; ligules absent; blades keeled abaxially, flat, V-, or inversely W-shaped in cross section. <b>Inflorescences</b> terminal, rarely pseudolateral, 1st order subumbellate to capitate, 2d order with spicate or digitately arranged spikelets, rarely a solitary spikelet; spikelets 1–150; 1st order rays unequal (rarely equal) in length, produced singly from the axils of inflorescence bracts; involucral bracts 1–22, spirally arranged at culm apex, spreading to erect, leaflike. <b>Spikelets</b>: scales to 76, distichous, each subtending flower, cylindric to compressed, borne spicately or digitately at ends of rays (occasionally proliferous). <b>Flowers</b> bisexual [rarely unisexual], in axils of distichous floral scales, bases often decurrent onto rachilla as ± hyaline wings; perianth absent; stamens 1–3; styles linear, 2–3-fid, base deciduous or persistent; stigmas 2–3. <b>Achenes</b> biconvex, flattened, or trigonous.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=Pantemperate and tropical.
|discussion=<p>Species ca. 600 (96 in the flora).</p>
|tables=
|references={{Treatment/Reference
|id=carter1984a
|text=Carter, J. R. 1984. A Systematic Study of the New World Species of Section Umbellati of Cyperus. Ph.D. dissertation. Vanderbilt University.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=corcoran1941a
|text=Corcoran, M. L. 1941. A revision of the subgenus Pycreus in North and South America. Catholic Univ. Amer., Biol. Ser. 37: 1–68.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=denton1978b
|text=Denton, M. F. 1978b. The Luzulae group of Cyperus (Cyperaceae). Contr. Univ. Michigan Herb. 11: 197–271.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=horvat1941a
|text=Horvat, M. L. 1941. A revision of the subgenus Mariscus found in the United States. Catholic Univ. Amer., Biol. Ser. 33: 1–147.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=marcks1972a
|text=Marcks, B. G. 1972. Population Studies of North American Cyperus Section Laxiglumi (Cyperaceae). Ph.D. dissertation. University of Wisconsin.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=marcks1974a
|text=Marcks, B. G. 1974. Preliminary reports on the flora of Wisconsin, no. 66. Cyperaceae II—Sedge family II. The genus Cyperus—the umbrella sedges. Trans. Wisconsin Acad. Sci. 62: 261–284.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=mcgivney1938a
|text=McGivney, M. V. 1938. A revision of the subgenus Eucyperus found in the United States. Catholic Univ. Amer., Biol. Ser. 26: 1–74.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=tucker1983a
|text=Tucker, G. C. 1983. The taxonomy of Cyperus (Cyperaceae) in Costa Rica and Panama. Syst. Bot. Mongr. 2: 1–85.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=tucker1993a
|text=Tucker, G. C. and R. McVaugh. 1993. Cyperus. In: R. McVaugh and W. R. Anderson, eds. 1974+. Flora Novo-Galiciana: A Descriptive Account of the Vascular Plants of Western Mexico. 8+ vols. Ann Arbor. Vol. 3, pp. 270–344.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=tucker1994a
|text=Tucker, G. C. 1994. A revision of the Mexican species of Cyperus L. (Cyperaceae). Syst. Bot. Monogr. 43: 1–214.
}}
}}<!--

--><div class="treatment-key">
==Key==
<div class="treatment-key-group">
  
{| class="wikitable fna-keytable"
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Stigmas 2 (3 in C. serotinus); achenes biconvex.
|[[#key-0-2| > 2]]
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Stigmas 3; achenes trigonous, plano-convex, or terete.
|[[#key-0-3| > 3]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Achenes laterally flattened, borne with edge toward rachilla.
|[[Cyperus subg. Pycreus|Cyperus subg. Pycreus]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Achenes dorsiventrally flattened, borne with face toward rachilla.
|[[Cyperus subg. Juncellus|Cyperus subg. Juncellus]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Spikelets borne in digitate clusters (rarely singly) or in umbellate or glomerulate heads.
|[[Cyperus subg. Pycnostachys|Cyperus subg. Pycnostachys]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Spikelets borne in spikes on conspicuous rachis.
|[[#key-0-4| > 4]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Rachilla continuous or articulate only at base.
|[[Cyperus subg. Cyperus|Cyperus subg. Cyperus]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Rachilla articulate at base of each scale, mature spikelet disarticulating into segments consisting of scale, internode, and rachilla wings.
|[[Cyperus subg. Diclidium|Cyperus subg. Diclidium]]
|}
</div></div><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Cyperus
|author=Gordon C. Tucker*;Brian G. Marcks*;J. Richard Carter *
|authority=Linnaeus
|rank=genus
|parent rank=family
|synonyms=
|basionyms=
|family=Cyperaceae
|illustrator=Yevonn Wilson-Ramsey
|illustration copyright=Flora of North America Association
|distribution=Pantemperate and tropical.
|reference=carter1984a;corcoran1941a;denton1978b;horvat1941a;marcks1972a;marcks1974a;mcgivney1938a;tucker1983a;tucker1993a;tucker1994a
|publication title=Sp. Pl.;Gen. Pl. ed.
|publication year=1753;1754
|special status=
|source xml=https://jpend@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation.git/src/f50eec43f223ca0e34566be0b046453a0960e173/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V23/V23_225.xml
|genus=Cyperus
}}<!--

-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Cyperaceae]]