View source for Eleocharis elliptica

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Eleocharis elliptica
|accepted_authority=Kunth
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Enum. Pl.
|place=2: 146. 1837
|year=1837
}}
|common_names=Éléocharide elliptique
|basionyms=
|synonyms={{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Eleocharis capitata var. borealis
|authority=Svenson
|rank=variety
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Eleocharis compressa var. atrata
|authority=Svenson
|rank=variety
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Eleocharis compressa var. borealis
|authority=Drepalik & Mohlenbrock
|rank=variety
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Eleocharis tenuis var. atrata
|authority=(Svenson) B. Boivin
|rank=variety
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Eleocharis tenuis var. borealis
|authority=(Svenson) Gleason
|rank=variety
}}
|hierarchy=Cyperaceae;Eleocharis;Eleocharis subg. Eleocharis;Eleocharis sect. Eleocharis;Eleocharis (sect. Eleocharis) ser. Eleocharis;Eleocharis elliptica
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Cyperaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Eleocharis]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>subgenus</small>[[Eleocharis subg. Eleocharis]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>section</small>[[Eleocharis sect. Eleocharis]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>series</small>[[Eleocharis (sect. Eleocharis) ser. Eleocharis]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>species</small>[[Eleocharis elliptica]]</div></div>
|volume=Volume 23
|mention_page=page 85, 86, 87
|treatment_page=
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Plants </b>perennial, mat-forming; rhizomes evident, fairly long to long, 0.5–2.5 mm thick, hard, cortex persistent, longer internodes 2–10 mm, scales persistent, sometimes decaying to coarse fibers, 5–10 mm, membranous to papery. <b>Culms</b> subterete to sometimes compressed, to (2–)3 times as wide as thick, often with (4–)5–10 ridges or angles, 5–90 cm × 0.3–0.8 mm, firm to soft, spongy. <b>Leaves</b>: distal leaf sheaths persistent, not splitting, proximally dark red, distally green to stramineous or red, thinly papery to membranous, apex usually red-brown, obtuse to subacute, often callose, tooth to 0.5 mm usually present on some culms. <b>Spikelets</b> ovoid, 3–8 × 2–3(–4) mm, apex obtuse (to acute); proximal scales amplexicaulous, apex entire; subproximal scale with a flower; floral scales spreading in fruit, 10–30, 5–7 per mm of rachilla, medium to very dark brown, midrib region often paler, ovate, 1.7–3 × 1–1.5 mm, apex rounded to obtuse (or acute), entire or shallowly notched (emarginate) or sometimes cut to 0.5(–0.7) mm deep, apical colorless hyaline part at least as wide as long, 0.2–0.7 mm, carinate in distal part of spikelet. <b>Flowers</b>: perianth bristles absent or rarely 1–3, pale brown, to 1/2 of achene length, sparsely retrorsely spinulose; stamens 3; anthers orange-brown, 0.8–1.7 mm; styles 3-fid or some 2-fid. <b>Achenes</b> persistent after scales fall, usually lemon yellow or dark yellow, orange, or medium brown, rarely greenish, obpyriform, nearly equilaterally to compressed-trigonous, often some biconvex, angles evident to prominent, 0.7–1.2 × 0.6–0.9 mm, neck short or absent, finely to coarsely rugulose at 10X, 12–20 horizontal ridges in vertical series, usually finely cancellate at 10–20X. <b>Tubercles</b> brown to whitish, greatly depressed, apiculate, sometimes pyramidal, 0.1–0.25 × 0.25–0.45 mm. <b>2n</b> = 38.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|phenology=Fruiting late spring–summer.
|habitat=Very wet, calcareous (or brackish) shores, pool margins, fens, meadows, prairies
|elevation=0–1000 m
|distribution=Alta.;B.C.;Man.;Nfld. and Labr.;N.W.T.;N.S.;Ont.;Que.;Sask.;Conn.;Idaho;Ill.;Ind.;Iowa;Maine;Mass.;Mich.;Minn.;Mont.;N.H.;N.J.;N.Y.;N.Dak.;Pa.;Tenn.;Vt.;W.Va.;Wis.
|discussion=<p><i>Eleocharis elliptica</i> is very variable in rhizome thickness, internode length, culm thickness and cross section shape, presence of a tooth on the distal leaf sheath, floral scale shape, stigma number, and achene color, cross section shape, and surface sculpturing. It is difficult to separate <i>E. elliptica</i> from <i>E. tenuis</i> and <i>E. compressa</i>.</p><!--
--><p>Three varieties have been recognized: (1) <i>E. elliptica</i> <i></i>var.<i> elliptica</i>, characterized by rhizomes 0.5–1.5 mm thick with the longer internodes 2.5–10 mm, culms terete to subterete, and floral scales entire to shallowly emarginate; (2) <i>E. elliptica</i> var. atrata (Svenson) S. G. Smith, characterized by rhizomes 1.5–2.5 mm thick with the longer internodes very crowded to 5 mm, culms often compressed, to 2 times wider than thick, and floral scales mostly emarginate or deeply cut; 3) <i>E. elliptica</i> <i></i>var.<i> pseudoptera</i> (Svenson) L. J. Harms, herein placed in <i>E. tenuis</i>.</p><!--
--><p>Varieties of <i>Eleocharis elliptica</i> are not formally recognized herein because they intergrade greatly. <i>Eleocharis elliptica</i> var. atrata is intermediate between <i>E. elliptica</i> <i></i>var.<i> elliptica</i> and <i>E. compressa </i>var.<i> compressa</i>; it has usually been placed in <i>E. compressa</i> but is better placed in <i>E. elliptica</i> because the type of var. atrata is more like <i>E. elliptica</i> (S. G. Smith 2001). <i>Eleocharis tenuis </i>var.<i> pseudoptera</i> Svenson might also be treated as <i>E. elliptica</i> <i></i>var.<i> pseudoptera</i> following L. J. Harms (1972), who also reported that he produced fertile <i>E. compressa</i> × <i>E. elliptica</i> hybrids. I have not seen voucher specimens for any of the chromosome numbers or hybrids that Harms reported for any of the species and varieties discussed above. My field observations in calcareous fens in Wisconsin suggest that <i>E. elliptica</i> <i></i>var.<i> elliptica</i> is adapted to microhabitats where the surface soil is permanently saturated by groundwater discharge; <i>E. compressa </i>var.<i> compressa</i> is adapted to microhabitats such as depressions in prairies and exposed limestone that are dry in summer; <i>E. elliptica</i> var. atrata is adapted to microhabitats that are intermediate between those of typical <i>E. elliptica</i> and those of <i>E. compressa</i> (S. G. Smith 2001).</p>
|tables=
|references=
}}<!--

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-->{{#Taxon:
name=Eleocharis elliptica
|authority=Kunth
|rank=species
|parent rank=series
|synonyms=Eleocharis capitata var. borealis;Eleocharis compressa var. atrata;Eleocharis compressa var. borealis;Eleocharis tenuis var. atrata;Eleocharis tenuis var. borealis
|basionyms=
|family=Cyperaceae
|phenology=Fruiting late spring–summer.
|habitat=Very wet, calcareous (or brackish) shores, pool margins, fens, meadows, prairies
|elevation=0–1000 m
|distribution=Alta.;B.C.;Man.;Nfld. and Labr.;N.W.T.;N.S.;Ont.;Que.;Sask.;Conn.;Idaho;Ill.;Ind.;Iowa;Maine;Mass.;Mich.;Minn.;Mont.;N.H.;N.J.;N.Y.;N.Dak.;Pa.;Tenn.;Vt.;W.Va.;Wis.
|reference=None
|publication title=Enum. Pl.
|publication year=1837
|special status=
|source xml=https://jpend@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation.git/src/f50eec43f223ca0e34566be0b046453a0960e173/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V23/V23_117.xml
|genus=Eleocharis
|subgenus=Eleocharis subg. Eleocharis
|section=Eleocharis sect. Eleocharis
|series=Eleocharis (sect. Eleocharis) ser. Eleocharis
|species=Eleocharis elliptica
}}<!--

-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Eleocharis (sect. Eleocharis) ser. Eleocharis]]