View source for Eucnide

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Eucnide
|accepted_authority=Zuccarini
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Index Seminum (München)
|place=1844: [4]. 1844
|year=1844
}}
|common_names=Rock or pretty nettle;stingbush
|basionyms=
|synonyms={{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Sympetaleia
|authority=A. Gray
|rank=genus
}}
|hierarchy=Loasaceae;Eucnide
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Loasaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Eucnide]]</div></div>
|etymology=Greek eu-, good or pretty, and knide, nettle, alluding to stinging trichomes and showy flowers
|volume=Volume 12
|mention_page=page 491, 492, 494
|treatment_page=page 493
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Herbs </b>or subshrubs, annual or perennial; trichomes (1) pointed with surfaces ± smooth, (2) retrorsely barbed along shaft and at apex or only at apex, and (3) stinging. <b>Stems</b> usually erect or spreading, rarely prostrate or pendent on cliffs. <b>Leaves</b> cauline; petiole present; blade ovate, lobed or unlobed, margins crenate or dentate. <b>Inflorescences</b> dichasia and monochasia [solitary flowers]; peduncle inconspicuous [conspicuous]. <b>Pedicels</b> elongating in fruit. <b>Flowers</b>: hypanthium completely adnate to ovary; perianth whorls differentiated; sepals green, distinct, lanceolate, straplike, or narrowly ovate, shorter than petals; petals white, green, or yellow [reddish orange], connate proximally to 1/2+ length, spatulate or ovate, spreading or erect (then corolla essentially tubular) [erect proximally, divaricate distally (corolla salverform)], glabrous except apices sparsely hairy; nectary distal on ovary; stamens 15–150+, exserted or included; filaments monomorphic, filiform, longer or shorter than anthers; anthers without distal connective extension; staminodes absent; pistil 5-carpellate, placentae parietal; stigma lingulate, 5-lobed, papillate. <b>Fruits</b> capsules, dehiscing by apical valves [splitting longitudinally], cup-shaped, straight; sepals persistent. <b>Seeds</b> many, cylindric to ovoid, not dorsiventrally flattened, to 1 mm, not winged. <b>x</b> = 21.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=sw;sc United States;Mexico;Central America (Guatemala).
|discussion=<p>Species 14 (4 in the flora).</p><!--
--><p><i>Eucnide</i> was placed in subfam. Mentzelioideae by I. Urban and E. Gilg (1900), Gilg (1925b), and H. J. Thompson and W. R. Ernst (1967); however, this subfamily is paraphyletic. <i>Eucnide</i> has been placed in molecular phylogenetic studies as sister to the rest of Loasaceae (L. Hufford et al. 2003).</p><!--
--><p>Three sections of <i>Eucnide</i> were recognized by H. J. Thompson and W. R. Ernst (1967). <i>Section</i> Mentzeliopsis H. J. Thompson & W. R. Ernst, consisting only of <i>E. urens</i>, was distinguished on the basis of its floral architecture in which all stamens are shorter than the style and not exserted beyond the corolla. The numerous stamens of <i>E. urens</i> are also tightly positioned around the style. <i>Section</i> Sympetaleia (A. Gray) H. J. Thompson & W. R. Ernst consists of three species that are endemic to the Baja California Peninsula and surrounding islands, except for <i>E. rupestris</i>, which has a distribution that extends into extreme southern California and southwestern Arizona and to Sinaloa and Sonora, Mexico. Species of sect. Sympetaleia have stamens with monothecate, bisporangiate anthers in contrast to other members of the genus, which have more conventional bithecate, tetrasporangiate anthers. All other species of <i>Eucnide</i> were placed in sect. <i>Eucnide</i> by Thompson and Ernst.</p><!--
--><p>Among the North American species of <i>Eucnide</i>, <i>E. urens</i> is the only species found in the Mojave Desert, where it is centered (H. J. Thompson and W. R. Ernst 1967). The other North American species are found in the Chihuahuan and Sonoran deserts and in adjacent areas. All species are found in similar cliff or rocky slope habitats (uncommonly in arroyos and washes). Some species, such as <i>E. bartonioides</i>, have fruit pedicels that are negatively phototropic and elongate extensively, which appear to be adaptations for dispersal on cliffs (Thompson and Ernst).</p><!--
--><p>Most species of <i>Eucnide</i> are self-pollinating (H. J. Thompson and W. R. Ernst 1967), although they generally have some spatial separation between the stigmas and anthers soon after the flowers open that allows for cross-pollination (L. Hufford 1988). Only taxa with the largest flowers, such as <i>E. bartonioides </i>var.<i> bartonioides</i> (possibly pollinated by hawk moths) and <i>E. urens</i> (pollinated by the melittid bee, Hesperaster laticeps), appear to be strictly outcrossing (Thompson and Ernst).</p>
|tables=
|references={{Treatment/Reference
|id=hufford1987a
|text=Hufford, L. 1987. Inflorescence architecture of Eucnide (Loasaceae). Madroño 34: 18–28.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=hufford1988a
|text=Hufford, L. 1988. Potential roles of scaling and post-anthesis developmental changes in the evolution of floral forms of Eucnide (Loasaceae). Nordic J. Bot. 8: 147–157.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=hufford1988b
|text=Hufford, L. 1988b. Seed coat morphology of Eucnide and other Loasaceae. Syst. Bot. 13: 154–167.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=waterfall1959a
|text=Waterfall, U. T. 1959. A revision of Eucnide. Rhodora 61: 231–243.
}}
}}<!--

--><div class="treatment-key">
==Key==
<div class="treatment-key-group">
  
{| class="wikitable fna-keytable"
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Corollas essentially tubular, petals to 15 mm, connate to 9 mm, 2-colored, yellow to brown basally, green distally; stamen filaments less than 5 mm, inserted in upper portion of corolla tube.
|[[Eucnide rupestris|Eucnide rupestris]]
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Corollas funnelform or rotate, petals 10–55 mm, connate to 5 mm, 1-colored, white, cream, or yellow; stamen filaments 10–60 mm, inserted at base of corolla.
|[[#key-0-2| > 2]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Petals white to cream; stamens included, most aggregated around style, only longer, outermost stamens spreading away from style.
|[[Eucnide urens|Eucnide urens]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Petals yellow; stamens exserted, spreading away from style.
|[[#key-0-3| > 3]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Corollas funnelform; filaments 13–60 mm.
|[[Eucnide bartonioides|Eucnide bartonioides]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Corollas rotate; filaments 7–16 mm.
|[[Eucnide lobata|Eucnide lobata]]
|}
</div></div><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Eucnide
|author=Larry Hufford
|authority=Zuccarini
|rank=genus
|parent rank=family
|synonyms=Sympetaleia
|basionyms=
|family=Loasaceae
|distribution=sw;sc United States;Mexico;Central America (Guatemala).
|reference=hufford1987a;hufford1988a;hufford1988b;waterfall1959a
|publication title=Index Seminum (München)
|publication year=1844
|special status=
|source xml=https://jpend@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation.git/src/f50eec43f223ca0e34566be0b046453a0960e173/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V12/V12_853.xml
|genus=Eucnide
}}<!--

-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Loasaceae]]