View source for Frangula caroliniana

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Frangula caroliniana
|accepted_authority=(Walter) A. Gray
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Gen. Amer. Bor.
|place=2: 178. 1849
|year=1849
}}
|common_names=Carolina buckthorn;Indian cherry
|special_status={{Treatment/ID/Special_status
|code=E
|label=Endemic
}}
|basionyms={{Treatment/ID/Basionym
|name=Rhamnus caroliniana
|authority=Walter
|rank=species
|publication_title=Fl. Carol.,
|publication_place=101. 1788
}}
|synonyms={{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=R. caroliniana var. mollis
|authority=Fernald
|rank=variety
}}
|hierarchy=Rhamnaceae;Frangula;Frangula caroliniana
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Rhamnaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Frangula]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>species</small>[[Frangula caroliniana]]</div></div>
|volume=Volume 12
|mention_page=page 53
|treatment_page=page 58
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Shrubs </b>or small trees, 2–6(–10) m. <b>Stems</b> gray, glabrous or pubescent. <b>Leaves</b> deciduous; petiole 8–20 mm; blade dull green abaxially, glossy dark green adaxially, oblong to elliptic or obovate-elliptic, (3–)5–13 cm, herbaceous, base cuneate to rounded, margins serrulate or crenulate to nearly entire, apex acute to acuminate or obtuse, abaxial surface puberulent on veins, adaxial surface glabrous; secondary veins 6–9(–10) pairs. <b>Inflorescences</b> umbels, pedunculate, 1–14-flowered. <b>Pedicels</b> 3–6 mm. <b>Stigmas</b> 3-lobed. <b>Drupes</b> black, globose, 8–10 mm; stones 3.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|phenology=Flowering Apr–Jun.
|habitat=Dry to moist barrens, sandy and gravelly flats, roadsides, ravines, bluffs, limestone bluffs, shell middens, bottomlands, swamp and pond edges, coastal hammocks, deciduous and coniferous forests.
|elevation=50–500 m.
|distribution=Ala.;Ark.;Fla.;Ga.;Ill.;Ind.;Ky.;La.;Md.;Miss.;Mo.;N.C.;Ohio;Okla.;S.C.;Tenn.;Tex.;Va.
|discussion=<p><i>Rhamnus</i> caroliniana <i></i>var.<i> mollis</i> (type from Illinois, with leaves persistently soft-pubescent abaxially) has sometimes been recognized as a western/Ozarkian entity (for example, H. A. Gleason and A. Cronquist 1991), but intermediates and intergrades with the typical form (with leaves glabrescent abaxially) are as numerous as the extremes.</p>
|tables=
|references=
}}<!--

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-->{{#Taxon:
name=Frangula caroliniana
|authority=(Walter) A. Gray
|rank=species
|parent rank=genus
|synonyms=R. caroliniana var. mollis
|basionyms=Rhamnus caroliniana
|family=Rhamnaceae
|phenology=Flowering Apr–Jun.
|habitat=Dry to moist barrens, sandy and gravelly flats, roadsides, ravines, bluffs, limestone bluffs, shell middens, bottomlands, swamp and pond edges, coastal hammocks, deciduous and coniferous forests.
|elevation=50–500 m.
|distribution=Ala.;Ark.;Fla.;Ga.;Ill.;Ind.;Ky.;La.;Md.;Miss.;Mo.;N.C.;Ohio;Okla.;S.C.;Tenn.;Tex.;Va.
|reference=None
|publication title=Gen. Amer. Bor.
|publication year=1849
|special status=Endemic
|source xml=https://jpend@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation.git/src/f50eec43f223ca0e34566be0b046453a0960e173/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V12/V12_442.xml
|genus=Frangula
|species=Frangula caroliniana
}}<!--

-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Frangula]]