View source for Zygophyllaceae

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Zygophyllaceae
|accepted_authority=R. Brown
|publications=
|common_names=Creosote Bush Family
|basionyms=
|synonyms=
|hierarchy=Zygophyllaceae
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Zygophyllaceae]]</div></div>
|volume=Volume 12
|mention_page=page 24
|treatment_page=page 28
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Herbs,</b> subshrubs, shrubs, or trees, annual or perennial, branching usually divaricate, growth sympodial, nodes angled or swollen, evergreen [deciduous], synoecious [dioecious]. <b>Leaves</b> opposite or fascicled [alternate or on short lateral branches], palmately or even- [odd-]pinnately compound [simple]; stipules present; petiole present [absent]; blade often fleshy or coriaceous, margins entire; venation pinnate. <b>Inflorescences</b> pseudoaxillary [terminal], flowers solitary or in 2-flowered clusters [cymes]. <b>Flowers</b> bisexual [unisexual], usually regular, sometimes slightly irregular; perianth and androecium hypogynous; hypanthium absent; sepals 4–5, usually distinct, rarely connate basally; petals 4–5, distinct [rarely connate basally], often clawed, sometimes twisted; nectary usually present, extrastaminal and/or intrastaminal, rarely absent; stamens [5–](8–)10 in 2 whorls, outer usually opposite petals, often alternately unequal in length or sterile, distinct, free or adnate to petal bases, inserted on or proximal to nectary, frequently glandular or appendaged at base; anthers dehiscing by longitudinal slits; pistil 1, (2–)5-carpellate, ovary superior, (2–)5–10-locular; placentation axile [basal]; ovules (1–)2–10 per locule, anatropous; style 1; stigma 1. <b>Fruits</b> capsules, dehiscence septicidal or loculicidal, or schizocarps splitting into 5 or 10 mericarps. <b>Seeds</b> 1–5(–10) per locule.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=North America;Mexico;West Indies;Central America;South America;Eurasia;Africa;Atlantic Islands;Indian Ocean Islands;Pacific Islands;Australia;mostly tropical or subtropical regions;mainly in arid and semiarid areas.
|discussion=<p>Genera 27, species ca. 240 (6 genera, 15 species in the flora).</p><!--
--><p>Zygophyllaceae are most closely related to Krameriaceae and the two families make up the isolated order Zygophyllales (Angiosperm Phylogeny Group 2003). A number grow in saline soils. Three species are cultivated in milder winter areas of the southeastern United States for their colorful flowers: the South American Bulnesia arborea (Jacquin) Engler and B. sarmientoi Lorentz ex Grisebach, both verawood, and the Caribbean <i>Guaiacum</i> officinale Linnaeus, lignum vitae. <i>Guaiacum</i> coulteri A. Gray, guayacán, from western Mexico and Guatemala, is grown in southern Arizona. Peganum, often placed in the Zygophyllaceae, is now recognized to be a member of the unrelated Nitrariaceae (Angiosperm Phylogeny Group).</p>
|tables=
|references={{Treatment/Reference
|id=beier2004a
|text=Beier, B.-A. et al. 2004. Phylogeny and taxonomy of the subfamily Zygophylloideae (Zygophyllaceae) based on molecular and morphological data. Pl. Syst. Evol. 240: 11–40.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=porter1972a
|text=Porter, D. M. 1972. The genera of Zygophyllaceae in the southeastern United States. J. Arnold Arbor. 53: 531–552.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=porter1974a
|text=Porter, D. M. 1974b. Disjunct distributions in the New World Zygophyllaceae. Taxon 23: 339–346.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=sheahan1996a
|text=Sheahan, M. C. and M. W. Chase. 1996. A phylogenetic analysis of Zygophyllaceae R. Br. based on morphological, anatomical and rbcL DNA sequence data. Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 122: 279–300.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=sheahan2000a
|text=Sheahan, M. C. and M. W. Chase. 2000. Phylogenetic relationships within Zygophyllaceae based on DNA sequences of three plastid regions, with special emphasis on Zygophylloideae. Syst. Bot. 25: 371–384.
}}
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--><div class="treatment-key">
==Key==
<div class="treatment-key-group">
  
{| class="wikitable fna-keytable"
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Leaflets 2.
|[[#key-0-2| > 2]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Leaflets distinct.
|[[Zygophyllum|Zygophyllum]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Leaflets connate basally, leaves appearing simple and 2-lobed.
|[[Larrea|Larrea]]
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Leaflets (1–)3 or (4–)6–16(–20).
|[[#key-0-3| > 3]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Leaves palmately compound; leaflets (1–)3, apex spinose or spinulose.
|[[Fagonia|Fagonia]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Leaves pinnately compound; leaflets (4–)6–16(–20), apex not spinose.
|[[#key-0-4| > 4]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Trees or shrubs; petals usually blue to purple, rarely white; fruits capsules, 2–5-lobed.
|[[Guaiacum|Guaiacum]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Herbs; petals white or yellow to bright orange, bases sometimes green or red; fruits schizocarps, 5-angled or 10-lobed.
|[[#key-0-5| > 5]]
|-id=key-0-5
|5
|Ovaries 5-lobed, 5-locular; fruits 5-angled, spiny, breaking into 5 mericarps (rarely fewer); petals yellow, base darker; nectary 10 glands in 2 whorls.
|[[Tribulus|Tribulus]]
|-id=key-0-5
|5
|Ovaries 10-lobed, 10-locular; fruits 10-lobed, not spiny, breaking into 10 mericarps (sometimes fewer); petals white to bright orange, base white to bright orange or green to red; nectary 5 glands at bases of filaments opposite petals.
|[[Kallstroemia|Kallstroemia]]
|}
</div></div><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Zygophyllaceae
|author=Duncan M. Porter
|authority=R. Brown
|rank=family
|parent rank=
|synonyms=
|basionyms=
|family=Zygophyllaceae
|illustrator=Barbara Alongi
|illustration copyright=Flora of North America Association
|distribution=North America;Mexico;West Indies;Central America;South America;Eurasia;Africa;Atlantic Islands;Indian Ocean Islands;Pacific Islands;Australia;mostly tropical or subtropical regions;mainly in arid and semiarid areas.
|reference=beier2004a;porter1972a;porter1974a;sheahan1996a;sheahan2000a
|publication title=
|publication year=
|special status=
|source xml=https://jpend@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation.git/src/f50eec43f223ca0e34566be0b046453a0960e173/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V12/V12_121.xml
}}<!--

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