View source for Triphysaria

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Triphysaria
|accepted_authority=Fischer & C. A. Meyer
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Index Seminum (St. Petersburg)
|place=2: 52. 1836
|year=1836
}}
|common_names=False owl's-clover
|special_status={{Treatment/ID/Special_status
|code=E
|label=Endemic
}}
|basionyms=
|synonyms={{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Orthocarpus subg. Triphysaria
|authority=(Fischer & C. A. Meyer) D. D. Keck
|rank=subgenus
}}
|hierarchy=Orobanchaceae;Triphysaria
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Orobanchaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Triphysaria]]</div></div>
|etymology=Greek tria, three, and physarion, small bladder, alluding to three pouches of abaxial corolla lip
|volume=Volume 17
|mention_page=page 459, 666, 670, 679, 680, 685
|treatment_page=page 684
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Herbs,</b> annual; hemiparasitic. <b>Stems</b> erect, not fleshy, glabrous or hairy. <b>Leaves</b> cauline, usually subopposite to opposite proximally, alternate distally; petiole absent; blade not fleshy, not leathery, margins entire (proximal cauline leaves) or pinnatifid, rarely bipinnatifid. <b>Inflorescences</b> terminal, spikelike racemes; bracts present. <b>Pedicels</b> present; bracteoles absent. <b>Flowers</b>: sepals 4, calyx bilaterally symmetric, tubular or campanulate, lobes triangular to narrowly lanceolate; petals 5, corolla yellow, white, purple, or white, fading to rose pink, strongly bilabiate, tubular and club-shaped, abaxial lobes 3, saccate, throat folded proximal to abaxial lips (except in <i>T. pusilla</i>), adaxial 2, adaxial lip beaked, ± straight, opening directed forward; stamens 4, didynamous, filaments glabrous, pollen sac 1; staminode 0; ovary 2-locular, placentation axile; stigma capitate, 2-lobed, or filiform to subcapitate. <b>Capsules</b>: dehiscence loculicidal. <b>Seeds</b> 10–100, dark brown, ovoid to ellipsoid, wings absent. <b>x</b> = 11.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=w North America;introduced in Asia (China).
|discussion=<p>Species 5 (5 in the flora).</p><!--
--><p>Taxa of <i>Triphysaria</i> have often been placed in <i>Orthocarpus</i>; both genera have adaxial corolla lips that are open at the tips (versus connate and folded downward forming a hood), expanded stigmas that are either capitate or two-lobed (versus unexpanded), and terminal attachments of the ovules to the placentas (versus lateral attachments). D. C. Tank and R. G. Olmstead (2008) found strong molecular support for their sister relationship. <i>Triphysaria</i> is distinguished from <i>Castilleja</i> by stamens with a single pollen sac (versus two), the throats of the corollas folded proximal to the abaxial corolla lips (except in <i>T. pusilla</i>), and the base chromosome number of 11.</p><!--
--><p><i>Triphysaria pusilla</i> has been introduced in China, where the name <i>T. chinensis</i> (D. Y. Hong) D. Y. Hong has been incorrectly applied to it (T. I. Chuang and L. R. Heckard 1991).</p>
|tables=
|references=
}}<!--

--><div class="treatment-key">
==Key==
<div class="treatment-key-group">
  
{| class="wikitable fna-keytable"
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Stems: branches decumbent to ascending; corollas 4–7 mm, beaks hooked, abaxial lobes 0.5–1 mm.
|[[Triphysaria pusilla|Triphysaria pusilla]]
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Stems: branches ascending; corollas 6–25 mm, beaks not hooked, abaxial lobes 1.5–5 mm.
|[[#key-0-2| > 2]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Stamens exserted; corollas creamy white, rarely pale yellow.
|[[Triphysaria floribunda|Triphysaria floribunda]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Stamens included; corollas yellow, rarely yellow and white, or white, fading to rose pink.
|[[#key-0-3| > 3]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Stems sparsely pubescent distally; corolla beaks ± yellow, white, or rose pink.
|[[Triphysaria versicolor|Triphysaria versicolor]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Stems puberulent to glandular-puberulent or pubescent to glandular-pubescent distally; corolla beaks dark purple, rarely yellow.
|[[#key-0-4| > 4]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Corollas 10–25 mm, abaxial lobes 2–5 mm.
|[[Triphysaria eriantha|Triphysaria eriantha]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Corollas 10–12 mm, abaxial lobes 1.5–2 mm.
|[[Triphysaria micrantha|Triphysaria micrantha]]
|}
</div></div><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Triphysaria
|author=Elizabeth H. Zacharias
|authority=Fischer & C. A. Meyer
|rank=genus
|parent rank=family
|synonyms=Orthocarpus subg. Triphysaria
|basionyms=
|family=Orobanchaceae
|illustrator=Barbara Alongi
|illustration copyright=Flora of North America Association
|distribution=w North America;introduced in Asia (China).
|reference=None
|publication title=Index Seminum (St. Petersburg)
|publication year=1836
|special status=Endemic
|source xml=https://jpend@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation.git/src/eaa6e58056e40c9ef614d8f47aea294977a1a5e9/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V17/V17_1247.xml
|genus=Triphysaria
}}<!--

-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Orobanchaceae]]