View source for Glochidion

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Glochidion
|accepted_authority=J. R. Forster & G. Forster
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Char. Gen. Pl. ed.
|place=2, 113, plate 57. 1776
|year=1776
}}
|common_names=Needlebush;cheesetree
|special_status={{Treatment/ID/Special_status
|code=I
|label=Introduced
}}
|basionyms=
|synonyms=
|hierarchy=Phyllanthaceae;Glochidion
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Phyllanthaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Glochidion]]</div></div>
|etymology=Greek glochis, projecting point or barb on an arrowhead, and -idion, smaller or little, alluding to pointed extension of anther connectives
|volume=Volume 12
|mention_page=page 328, 329, 345, 346
|treatment_page=page 347
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Shrubs </b>[trees], monoecious [dioecious], hairy [glabrous], hairs simple; branching phyllanthoid. <b>Leaves</b> deciduous [persistent], alternate, simple, scalelike on main stems, well developed on ultimate branchlets; stipules persistent; blade margins entire. <b>Inflorescences</b> unisexual or bisexual, fascicles [cymules], proximal mostly or entirely staminate, distal mostly or entirely pistillate. <b>Pedicels</b> present [absent]. <b>Staminate</b> flowers: sepals [5–]6, distinct; petals 0; nectary absent; stamens 3–4[–8]; filaments and anthers connate; connectives extending beyond anthers as deltoid appendages; pistillode absent. <b>Pistillate</b> flowers: sepals persistent, 6, distinct; petals 0; nectary absent; pistil [3–]5–10[–15]-carpellate; styles [3–]5–10[–15], connate nearly to apex, unbranched. <b>Fruits</b> capsules. <b>Seeds</b> 2 per locule, rounded-trigonous [ellipsoid]; seed coat ± fleshy, smooth; caruncle absent. <b>x</b> = 13, 16.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=Alabama;Asia;Pacific Islands;Australia;tropical and subtropical regions.
|discussion=<p>Species 200–300 (1 in the flora).</p><!--
--><p><i>Glochidion</i> exhibits phyllanthoid branching (G. L. Webster 1956–1958), with well-developed leaves and flowers produced only on the deciduous ultimate branchlets and scalelike leaves on all other stems (referred to as main stems in this treatment).</p><!--
--><p>An obligate pollination mutualism similar to the well-known fig-fig wasp and yucca-yucca moth mutualisms has evolved between <i>Breynia</i>, <i>Glochidion</i>, and various <i>Phyllanthus</i> species [particularly subg. Gomphidium (Baillon) G. L. Webster] and the moth genus Epicephala (reviewed in A. Kawakita and M. Kato 2009). Species-specific moths pollinate the flowers nocturnally, with female moths collecting pollen on specialized proboscides and laying their eggs on the pistillate flowers. The developing larvae consume a portion of the seeds, leaving the remainder untouched. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that specialized behavior evolved once in Epicephala and that the mutualism has evolved repeatedly within Phyllantheae (Kawakita and Kato).</p>
|tables=
|references=
}}<!--

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-->{{#Taxon:
name=Glochidion
|author=Geoffrey A. Levin
|authority=J. R. Forster & G. Forster
|rank=genus
|parent rank=family
|synonyms=
|basionyms=
|family=Phyllanthaceae
|distribution=Alabama;Asia;Pacific Islands;Australia;tropical and subtropical regions.
|introduced=true
|reference=None
|publication title=Char. Gen. Pl. ed.
|publication year=1776
|special status=Introduced
|source xml=https://jpend@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation.git/src/eaa6e58056e40c9ef614d8f47aea294977a1a5e9/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V12/V12_931.xml
|genus=Glochidion
}}<!--

-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Phyllanthaceae]]