View source for Mitella

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Mitella
|accepted_authority=Linnaeus
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Sp. Pl.
|place=1: 406. 1753
|year=1753
}}, {{Treatment/Publication
|title=Gen. Pl. ed.
|place=5, 190. 1754 ,
}}
|common_names=Mitrewort;bishop’s-cap;mitrelle;Latin mitra;turban or headdress;and
|basionyms=
|synonyms=
|hierarchy=Saxifragaceae;Mitella
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Saxifragaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Mitella]]</div></div>
|etymology=ella, diminutive, alluding to cap-shaped fruit
|volume=Volume 8
|mention_page=page 43, 46, 47, 77, 84, 85, 105, 109, 115
|treatment_page=page 108
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Herbs,</b> rhizomatous, stoloniferous or not; caudex not cormlike, usually with persistent leaf bases. <b>Flowering</b> stems ascending or erect, leafy or leafless, (2–)6–55(–65) cm, subglabrous or short to long stipitate-glandular. <b>Leaves</b> in basal rosette and cauline; cauline leaves absent or 1–3, alternate or opposite; stipules present; petiole present, sometimes absent in cauline leaves, subglabrous or stipitate-glandular; blade ovate, cordate, or reniform, usually shallowly lobed, rarely unlobed, base cordate to truncate, margins crenate to dentate, apex acute, obtuse, or rounded, surfaces glabrous or subglabrous to variously stipitate-glandular; venation palmate. <b>Inflorescences</b> racemes, terminal from axillary buds in rosette, (scapose or leafy, anthesis usually acropetalous, basipetalous in <i>M. caulescens</i>, not secund to weakly secund or, rarely, strongly secund), 2–60-flowered, sometimes flowers solitary, bracteolate. <b>Flowers</b>: hypanthium adnate ± entire length of ovary, free from ovary to 1.5 mm, green, greenish white, or greenish yellow; sepals 5, white, greenish white, greenish, yellowish green, or greenish yellow, sometimes purple tinged; petals 5, greenish, greenish yellow, whitish green, or white, sometimes pink or purple tinged, (claw slender); nectariferous tissue proximal to stamens absent or obscure; stamens 5 or 10, opposite or alternate with sepals; filaments filiform; ovary nearly superior to nearly completely inferior, 1-locular, (2-lobed), carpels connate ± entire length, (equal); placentation parietal; styles 2; stigmas 2. <b>Capsules</b> obscurely 2-beaked, (dehiscent by adaxial sutures on free, lobed portion, dehiscent fruit sometimes appearing almost circumscissile). <b>Seeds</b> (4–40), reddish purple, dark reddish brown, or blackish, shiny, ellipsoid to ovoid, nearly smooth or pitted. <b>x</b> = 7.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=North America;Asia (China;Japan;Korea;Mongolia;Russia).
|discussion=<p>Species ca. 20 (9 in the flora).</p><!--
--><p><i>Mitella</i> is treated here in the broad sense; phylogenetic data indicate that it is polyphyletic (D. E. Soltis et al. 1990; Soltis and R. K. Kuzoff 1995). Historically, four or five genera have been recognized (including <i>Mitella</i>, Ozomelis Rafinesque, Pectiantia Rafinesque). Formal restructuring of generic boundaries is complicated by the presence of nearly a dozen Asian species (M. Wakabayashi 2001) and lack of a comprehensive understanding of the genus relative to the rest of Saxifragaceae. <i>Mitella nuda</i> and <i>M. diphylla</i>, both with ten stamens, form a clade that would comprise a narrowly defined <i>Mitella</i>. A second clade composed of <i>M. diversifolia</i>, <i>M. stauropetala</i>, <i>M. trifida</i>, and <i>Conimitella williamsii</i> would form a second, distinct genus. Molecular data suggest that <i>M. breweri</i>, <i>M. caulescens</i>, and <i>M. pentandra</i> also form a distinct clade and perhaps a third, distinct genus. The relationships of <i>M. ovalis</i> are less certain; some analyses suggest that it may be sister to the genus <i>Tolmiea</i> (Soltis and Kuzoff; Kuzoff and Soltis, unpubl.).</p><!--
--><p><i>Mitella diphylla</i> exhibits splash-cup seed dispersal similar to <i>Chrysosplenium</i> (D. B. O. Savile 1953). Y. Okuyama et al. (2004) found that four Japanese species of <i>Mitella</i> are pollinated by fungus gnats, the pinnatifid petals of some species providing a resting platform for long- and spiny-legged flies. S. A. Spongberg (1972) reported syrphid flies and short-tongued bees as the most frequent visitors to <i>M. diphylla</i>.</p><!--
--><p>In the keys and descriptions, leaf blade length is measured from the apex of the blade along the midvein proximally along the petiole to a perpendicular line that touches the proximal extension of the blade.</p>
|tables=
|references={{Treatment/Reference
|id=rosendahl1914a
|text=Rosendahl, C. O. 1914. A revision of the genus Mitella with a discussion of geographical distribution and relationships. Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 50(suppl.): 375–397.
}}
}}<!--

--><div class="treatment-key">
==Key==
<div class="treatment-key-group">
  
{| class="wikitable fna-keytable"
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Stamens 10; ovaries 1/3-1/2 inferior or nearly superior
|[[#key-0-2| > 2]]
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Stamens 5; ovaries 1/2 inferior to nearly completely inferior
|[[#key-0-3| > 3]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Cauline leaves absent or 1; plants usually stoloniferous; petals greenish yellow or greenish white.
|[[Mitella nuda|Mitella nuda]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Cauline leaves 2; plants not stoloniferous; petals white.
|[[Mitella diphylla|Mitella diphylla]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Stamens alternate with sepals.
|[[Mitella pentandra|Mitella pentandra]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Stamens opposite sepals
|[[#key-0-4| > 4]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Anthesis basipetalous; plants usually stoloniferous; cauline leaves 1-3; filaments usually purple proximally and white distally, sometimes entirely white; hypanthia 3-5.5 mm diam.; styles 0.8-1.1 mm, cylindric; stigmas unlobed.
|[[Mitella caulescens|Mitella caulescens]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Anthesis acropetalous; plants not stoloniferous or, rarely, stoloniferous; cauline leaves absent or 1-2; filaments white or greenish; hypanthia 1.4-3.5 mm diam.; styles 0.1-0.3 mm, flattened; stigmas 2-lobed or unlobed
|[[#key-0-5| > 5]]
|-id=key-0-5
|5
|Petals greenish yellow, blades lobed, lobes 3-11, linear; hypanthia saucer-shaped; sepals yellowish green or greenish, triangular to broadly triangular, spreading to recurved
|[[#key-0-6| > 6]]
|-id=key-0-5
|5
|Petals white, sometimes pink- or purple-tinged, blades lobed or, sometimes, unlobed, lobes 3-5, linear to lanceolate; hypanthia campanulate, obconic-campanulate, or turbinate-campanulate; sepals whitish, greenish white, or purple-tinged, oblong, oblong-ovate, widely ovate, triangular-ovate, or triangular, erect or spreading
|[[#key-0-7| > 7]]
|-id=key-0-6
|6
|Leaf blades broadly cordate to reniform, usually shorter than or sometimes ± as long as wide, 1.5-7.9 × 1.5-11 cm, surfaces glabrous or sparsely short stipitate-glandular and sparsely long stipitate-glandular; petioles of basal leaves subglabrous or stipitate-glandular and sparsely long stipitate-glandular.
|[[Mitella breweri|Mitella breweri]]
|-id=key-0-6
|6
|Leaf blades cordate-ovate to cordate-oblong, longer than wide, 2.7-7 × 1.5-5.4 cm, surfaces sparsely stipitate-glandular and long stipitate-glandular to sparsely long stipitate-glandular along primary veins abaxially, stipitate-glandular adaxially; petioles of basal leaves short stipitate-glandular and densely long stipitate-glandular.
|[[Mitella ovalis|Mitella ovalis]]
|-id=key-0-7
|7
|Leaf blades longer than or ± as long as wide, cordate-ovate or triangular-cordate, apex of terminal lobe acute; flowers 1(-2) per node; cauline leaves absent or 1-2.
|[[Mitella diversifolia|Mitella diversifolia]]
|-id=key-0-7
|7
|Leaf blades shorter than or sometimes ± as long as wide, cordate, cordate-ovate, or reniform, apex of terminal lobe rounded to obtuse; flowers 1 per node; cauline leaves absent
|[[#key-0-8| > 8]]
|-id=key-0-8
|8
|Racemes strongly secund, 10-45-flowered; petals linear to lanceolate, lateral lobes ascending or spreading.
|[[Mitella stauropetala|Mitella stauropetala]]
|-id=key-0-8
|8
|Racemes weakly secund or not secund, 4-20-flowered; petals lanceolate, lateral lobes ascending.
|[[Mitella trifida|Mitella trifida]]
|}
</div></div><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Mitella
|author=Douglas E. Soltis;Craig C. Freeman
|authority=Linnaeus
|rank=genus
|parent rank=family
|synonyms=
|basionyms=
|family=Saxifragaceae
|distribution=North America;Asia (China;Japan;Korea;Mongolia;Russia).
|reference=rosendahl1914a
|publication title=Sp. Pl.;Gen. Pl. ed.
|publication year=1753;
|special status=
|source xml=https://jpend@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation.git/src/f6b125a955440c0872999024f038d74684f65921/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V8/V8_215.xml
|genus=Mitella
}}<!--

-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Saxifragaceae]]