View source for Raphanus raphanistrum

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Raphanus raphanistrum
|accepted_authority=Linnaeus
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Sp. Pl.
|place=1: 669. 1753
|year=1753
}}
|common_names=Wild-radish;jointed charlock or radish or wild-radish
|basionyms=
|synonyms=
|hierarchy=Brassicaceae;Brassicaceae tribe Brassiceae;Raphanus;Raphanus raphanistrum
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Brassicaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>tribe</small>[[Brassicaceae tribe Brassiceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Raphanus]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>species</small>[[Raphanus raphanistrum]]</div></div>
|volume=Volume 7
|mention_page=
|treatment_page=page 439
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Annuals,</b> roots not fleshy; sparsely to densely pubescent. <b>Stems</b> usually simple from base, (2–)3–8 dm, (retrorsely hispid). <b>Basal</b> leaves: petiole 1–6 cm; blade oblong, obovate, or oblanceolate in outline, lyrate or pinnatifid, sometimes undivided, 3–15(–22) cm × 10–50 mm, margins dentate, apex obtuse or acute; lobes 1–4 each side, oblong or ovate, to 4 cm × 20 mm (smaller than terminal). <b>Cauline</b> leaves (distal) subsessile; blade often undivided. <b>Fruiting</b> pedicels divaricate or ascending, 7–25 mm, (straight). <b>Flowers</b>: sepals 7–11 × 1–2 mm, sparsely pubescent; petals yellow or creamy white (veins dark brown or purple), 15–25 × 4–7 mm, claw to 15 mm; filaments (slender), 7–12 mm; anthers 2–2.5 mm. <b>Fruits</b> cylindrical or narrowly lanceolate; valvular segment 1–1.5 mm; terminal segment (1.5–)2–11(–14) cm × (2.5–)3–8(–11) mm, (base rounded), strongly constricted between seeds (usually breaking), strongly ribbed, beak narrowly conical; style 10–50 mm. <b>Seeds</b> (reddish brown or dark brown to black), oblong or ovoid, 2.5–3.5 × 1.8–2.5 mm. <b>2n</b> = 18.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|phenology=Flowering May–Jul.
|habitat=Disturbed waste places, cultivated fields, roadsides, orchards, hill slopes
|elevation=0-800 m
|distribution=Greenland;St. Pierre and Miquelon;Alta.;B.C.;Man.;N.B.;Nfld. and Labr.;N.S.;Ont.;P.E.I.;Que.;Sask.;Ala.;Alaska;Ariz.;Ark.;Calif.;Colo.;Conn.;Del.;D.C.;Fla.;Ga.;Idaho;Ill.;Ind.;Iowa;Kans.;Ky.;La.;Maine;Md.;Mass.;Mich.;Minn.;Miss.;Mo.;Mont.;Nebr.;Nev.;N.H.;N.J.;N.Mex.;N.Y.;N.C.;N.Dak.;Ohio;Okla.;Oreg.;Pa.;R.I.;S.C.;S.Dak.;Tenn.;Tex.;Utah;Vt.;Va.;Wash.;W.Va.;Wis.;Wyo.;Europe;Asia;introduced also in Mexico;Central America;South America;Africa;Atlantic Islands;Australia.
|discussion=<p>North American representatives of <i>Raphanus raphanistrum</i> are referable to subsp. raphanistrum. Four other subspecies are restricted to Europe.</p>
|tables=
|references=
}}<!--

--><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Raphanus raphanistrum
|author=
|authority=Linnaeus
|rank=species
|parent rank=genus
|synonyms=
|basionyms=
|family=Brassicaceae
|phenology=Flowering May–Jul.
|habitat=Disturbed waste places, cultivated fields, roadsides, orchards, hill slopes
|elevation=0-800 m
|distribution=Greenland;St. Pierre and Miquelon;Alta.;B.C.;Man.;N.B.;Nfld. and Labr.;N.S.;Ont.;P.E.I.;Que.;Sask.;Ala.;Alaska;Ariz.;Ark.;Calif.;Colo.;Conn.;Del.;D.C.;Fla.;Ga.;Idaho;Ill.;Ind.;Iowa;Kans.;Ky.;La.;Maine;Md.;Mass.;Mich.;Minn.;Miss.;Mo.;Mont.;Nebr.;Nev.;N.H.;N.J.;N.Mex.;N.Y.;N.C.;N.Dak.;Ohio;Okla.;Oreg.;Pa.;R.I.;S.C.;S.Dak.;Tenn.;Tex.;Utah;Vt.;Va.;Wash.;W.Va.;Wis.;Wyo.;Europe;Asia;introduced also in Mexico;Central America;South America;Africa;Atlantic Islands;Australia.
|introduced=true
|reference=None
|publication title=Sp. Pl.
|publication year=1753
|special status=
|source xml=https://jpend@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation.git/src/f6b125a955440c0872999024f038d74684f65921/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V7/V7_662.xml
|tribe=Brassicaceae tribe Brassiceae
|genus=Raphanus
|species=Raphanus raphanistrum
}}<!--

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