View source for Silene dioica

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Silene dioica
|accepted_authority=(Linnaeus) Clairville
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Man. Herbor. Suisse,
|place=146. 1811
|year=1811
}}
|common_names=Red campion;silène dioïque
|basionyms={{Treatment/ID/Basionym
|name=Lychnis dioica
|authority=Linnaeus
|publication_title=Sp. Pl.
|publication_place=1: 437. 1753
}} {{Treatment/ID/Basionym
|name=Lychnis rubra
|authority=(Weigel) Patze
|publication_title=E. H. F. Meyer &amp; Elkan
|publication_place=
}}
|synonyms={{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Melandrium dioicum
|authority=(Linnaeus) Cosson & Germain
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Melandrium dioicum subsp. rubrum
|authority=(Weigel) D. Löve
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Melandrium rubrum
|authority=unknown
}}
|hierarchy=Caryophyllaceae;Caryophyllaceae subfam. Caryophylloideae;Silene;Silene dioica
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Caryophyllaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>subfamily</small>[[Caryophyllaceae subfam. Caryophylloideae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Silene]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>species</small>[[Silene dioica]]</div></div>
|volume=Volume 5
|mention_page=page 169, 182
|treatment_page=page 181
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Plants </b>perennial; taproot slender. <b>Stems</b> ascending, decumbent at base, branched, shortly rhizomatous, to 80 cm, softly pubescent, ± glandular, at least distally, rarely subglabrous. <b>Leaves</b> sessile at mid and distal stem, petiolate to spatulate proximally; petiole equaling or longer than blade of basal leaves; blade ovate to elliptic, 3–13 cm × 10–50 mm (not including petiole), apex acute to acuminate, sparingly pubescent, densely so on abaxial midrib. <b>Inflorescences</b> dichasial cymes, several- to many-flowered, open, bracteate; bracts lanceolate, 4–20 × 2–7 mm, herbaceous, softly hairy throughout with long-septate hairs, not glandular, or with some glandular hairs. <b>Pedicels</b> ascending, 0.2–3 cm, usually shorter than calyx. <b>Flowers</b> unisexual, some plants having only staminate flowers, others having only pistillate flowers, 20–25 mm diam.; calyx 8–12-veined, campanulate, narrowly so in staminate flowers, broadly in pistillate, 10–15 × to 7 mm in flower, 11 mm broad in fruit, herbaceous, margins dentate, softly pubescent, lobes 5, erect, lanceolate, 2–3 mm; petals bright pink, clawed, claw equaling or longer than calyx, limb spreading horizontally, broadly obovate, unlobed or 2-lobed, to 12 × 12 mm, appendages 4, ca. 1 mm; stamens and stigmas equaling petal claw; styles 5. <b>Capsules</b> broadly ovoid to globose, equaling and often splitting calyx, opening by 5 (splitting into 10) revolute teeth; carpophore absent. <b>Seeds</b> dark brown to black, broadly reniform, plump, 1–1.6 mm, densely and evenly papillate. <b>2n</b> = 24.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|phenology=Flowering summer.
|habitat=Woodlands, hedges, gardens, riverbanks, open waste places
|elevation=0-500 m
|distribution=B.C.;Man.;N.B.;Nfld. and Labr. (Nfld.);N.S.;Ont.;Que.;Conn.;Ill.;Iowa;Maine;Md.;Mass.;Mont.;N.H.;N.J.;N.Y.;Ohio;Oreg.;Pa.;R.I.;S.Dak.;Vt.;Wash.;Wis.;Europe.
|discussion=<p><i>Silene dioica</i> is closely related to <i>S. latifolia</i> and completely interfertile with it. The two species hybridize wherever they grow in close proximity, and the offspring (S. hampeana Meusel & K. Werner) usually have pale pink flowers. <i>Silene dioica</i> and <i>S. latifolia</i> are difficult to separate in herbarium material unless flower color has been noted. The characters that distinguish <i>S. dioica</i> are the usually dense, long, and soft pubescence covering at least the distal portion of the plant; the broad, almost globose, thin, and brittle capsule with revolute teeth; and the softer, thinner, usually broader leaves. Occasionally, double-flowered plants are encountered as garden escapes.</p>
|tables=
|references=
}}<!--

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-->{{#Taxon:
name=Silene dioica
|author=
|authority=(Linnaeus) Clairville
|rank=species
|parent rank=genus
|synonyms=Melandrium dioicum;Melandrium dioicum subsp. rubrum;Melandrium rubrum
|basionyms=Lychnis dioica;Lychnis rubra
|family=Caryophyllaceae
|phenology=Flowering summer.
|habitat=Woodlands, hedges, gardens, riverbanks, open waste places
|elevation=0-500 m
|distribution=B.C.;Man.;N.B.;Nfld. and Labr. (Nfld.);N.S.;Ont.;Que.;Conn.;Ill.;Iowa;Maine;Md.;Mass.;Mont.;N.H.;N.J.;N.Y.;Ohio;Oreg.;Pa.;R.I.;S.Dak.;Vt.;Wash.;Wis.;Europe.
|introduced=true
|reference=None
|publication title=Man. Herbor. Suisse,
|publication year=1811
|special status=
|source xml=https://jpend@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation.git/src/f6b125a955440c0872999024f038d74684f65921/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V5/V5_364.xml
|subfamily=Caryophyllaceae subfam. Caryophylloideae
|genus=Silene
|species=Silene dioica
}}<!--

-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Silene]]