View source for Sclerocactus spinosior

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Sclerocactus spinosior
|accepted_authority=(Engelmann) D. Woodruff & L. D. Benson
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles)
|place=48: 131. 1976
|year=1976
}}
|common_names=Engelmann fishhook cactus;desert valley fishhook cactus;spini er devil’s-claw cactus
|basionyms={{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Echinocactus whipplei var. spinosior
|authority=Engelmann
}}
|synonyms={{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Ferocactus spinosior
|authority=(Engelmann) N. P. Taylor
}}{{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Pediocactus spinosior
|authority=(Engelmann) Halda
}}{{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Sclerocactus pubispinus var. spinosior
|authority=(Engelmann) S. L. Welsh
}}
|hierarchy=Cactaceae;Cactaceae subfam. Cactoideae;Sclerocactus;Sclerocactus spinosior
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Cactaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>subfamily</small>[[Cactaceae subfam. Cactoideae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Sclerocactus]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>species</small>[[Sclerocactus spinosior]]</div></div>
|volume=Volume 4
|mention_page=page 198, 205
|treatment_page=page 204
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-d0_s0" data-properties="stem architecture;stem coloration;stem coloration;stem coloration;stem shape;stem shape;stem atypical length;stem length;stem atypical width;stem width;stem pubescence"><b>Stems </b>usually unbranched, light green to dark green, ovoid or cylindric, 2–15 (–23) × 1–10 (–15) cm, glaucous;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s1" data-properties="rib atypical count;rib count;tubercle prominence">ribs (11–) 13–14, tubercles prominent on ribs.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s2" data-properties=""><b>Spines </b>frequently obscuring stems;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s3" data-properties="spine arrangement;spine atypical count;spine count;spine orientation;spine coloration;spine coloration;spine length;spine width">radial spines 6–10 (–12) per areole, spreading, tipped white or dark, 10–35 × 0.3–1 mm;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s4" data-properties="central spine atypical count;central spine count">central spines (2–) 4–6 per areole;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s5" data-properties="abaxial central atypical count;abaxial central count;abaxial central coloration;abaxial central coloration;abaxial central coloration;abaxial central coloration;abaxial central coloration;abaxial central coloration;abaxial central count;abaxial central shape;abaxial central some measurement;areole life cycle">abaxial centrals (1–) 3 per areole, reddish to black, less often tan to brown, usually 1–2 hooked, except some older areoles, 20–40 mm;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s6" data-properties="lateral central spine count;lateral central spine coloration;lateral central spine coloration;lateral central spine coloration;lateral central spine coloration;lateral central spine coloration;lateral central spine shape;lateral central spine some measurement">lateral central spines usually 2 per areole, tan, red, or reddish-brown, terete, 10–30 mm;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s7" data-properties="adaxial central spine atypical count;adaxial central spine count;adaxial central spine coloration;adaxial central spine shape;adaxial central spine length;adaxial central spine width">adaxial central spines 1 (–3) white, flattened, 20–60 × 0.7–1.6 mm.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s8" data-properties="flower shape;flower shape;flower shape;flower length;flower width"><b>Flowers </b>narrowly funnelform to campanulate, 2–5 × 1–4 cm;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s9" data-properties="outer tepal coloration;outer tepal coloration;outer tepal coloration;outer tepal coloration;outer tepal coloration;outer tepal shape;outer tepal length;outer tepal width;outer tepal shape;midstripe coloration;midstripe coloration;margin architecture or shape">outer tepals with greenish brown or reddish-brown midstripes and pink, violet-pink, or reddish purple margins, usually oblanceolate, 10–20 × 4–7 mm, usually mucronate, margins nearly entire;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s10" data-properties="inner tepal coloration;inner tepal coloration;inner tepal coloration;inner tepal shape;inner tepal shape;inner tepal shape;inner tepal length;inner tepal width;margin coloration;margin architecture or shape">inner tepals reddish purple to lavender, oblanceolate to narrowly oblanceolate, 15–25 × 6–8 mm, margins paler, nearly entire;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s11" data-properties="filament coloration;filament coloration;filament coloration;filament coloration;filament coloration;filament coloration">filaments yellow, green, red-violet, or pink;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s12" data-properties="anther coloration">anthers yellow;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s13" data-properties="style relief">styles minutely and sparsely papillate.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s14" data-properties="fruit dehiscence;fruit coloration;fruit coloration;fruit coloration;fruit coloration;fruit shape;fruit length;fruit width;fruit condition or texture;slit count;slit orientation"><b>Fruits </b>dehiscent along 2–4 vertical slits, green to pink or pale-red, barrel-shaped, 9–13 × 8–12 mm, dry;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s15" data-properties="scale count;scale texture;scale architecture">scales few, membranous, scarious-margined.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s16" data-properties="seed coloration;seed length;seed width"><b>Seeds </b>black, 2–2.5 × 2.5–3 mm;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s17" data-properties="papilla shape">testa with rounded papillae.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|habitat=Igneous or calcareous gravels, sagebrush and shadscale flats, pinyon-juniper woodlands
|elevation=1500-2000 m
|distribution=Utah.
|discussion=<p>Sclerocactus spinosior is morphologically similar to S. pubispinus and S. blainei (see discussions of those species). There is a variety of taxonomic opinions for handling species boundaries of S. spinosior. F. Hochstätter (1997) treated S. blainei at the subspecific level under S. spinosior; whereas S. L. Welsh (1984b) included S. spinosior as a variety of S. pubispinus. Phylogenetic analyses of chloroplast DNA sequences (J. M. Porter et al. 2000) provided evidence of close relationship among S. spinosior, S. pubispinus, and S. blainei, but no specific sister-group relationship for S. spinosior. Here we maintain all three at the rank of species.</p>
|tables=
|references=
}}<!--

--><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Sclerocactus spinosior
|author=
|authority=(Engelmann) D. Woodruff & L. D. Benson
|rank=species
|parent rank=genus
|synonyms=Ferocactus spinosior;Pediocactus spinosior;Sclerocactus pubispinus var. spinosior
|basionyms=Echinocactus whipplei var. spinosior
|family=Cactaceae
|habitat=Igneous or calcareous gravels, sagebrush and shadscale flats, pinyon-juniper woodlands
|elevation=1500-2000 m
|distribution=Utah.
|reference=None
|publication title=Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles)
|publication year=1976
|special status=
|source xml=https://jpend@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/287ef3db526bd807d435a3c7423ef2df1e951227/V4/V4_381.xml
|subfamily=Cactaceae subfam. Cactoideae
|genus=Sclerocactus
|species=Sclerocactus spinosior
|abaxial central atypical count=1;3
|abaxial central coloration=tan;brown
|abaxial central count=1;2
|abaxial central shape=hooked
|abaxial central some measurement=20mm;40mm
|adaxial central spine atypical count=1;3
|adaxial central spine coloration=white
|adaxial central spine count=1
|adaxial central spine length=20mm;60mm
|adaxial central spine shape=flattened
|adaxial central spine width=0.7mm;1.6mm
|anther coloration=yellow
|areole life cycle=older
|central spine atypical count=2;4
|central spine count=4;6
|filament coloration=pink;red-violet;pink;red-violet;green;yellow
|flower length=2cm;5cm
|flower shape=narrowly funnelform;campanulate
|flower width=1cm;4cm
|fruit coloration=green;pink or pale-red
|fruit condition or texture=dry
|fruit dehiscence=dehiscent
|fruit length=9mm;13mm
|fruit shape=barrel-shaped
|fruit width=8mm;12mm
|inner tepal coloration=reddish purple;lavender
|inner tepal length=15mm;25mm
|inner tepal shape=oblanceolate;narrowly oblanceolate
|inner tepal width=6mm;8mm
|lateral central spine coloration=reddish-brown;red;reddish-brown;red;tan
|lateral central spine count=2
|lateral central spine shape=terete
|lateral central spine some measurement=10mm;30mm
|margin architecture or shape=entire;entire
|margin coloration=paler
|midstripe coloration=reddish-brown;greenish brown
|outer tepal coloration=reddish purple;violet-pink;reddish purple;violet-pink;pink
|outer tepal length=10mm;20mm
|outer tepal shape=mucronate;oblanceolate
|outer tepal width=4mm;7mm
|papilla shape=rounded
|rib atypical count=11;13
|rib count=13;14
|scale architecture=scarious-margined
|scale count=few
|scale texture=membranous
|seed coloration=black
|seed length=2mm;2.5mm
|seed width=2.5mm;3mm
|slit count=2;4
|slit orientation=vertical
|spine arrangement=radial
|spine atypical count=10;12
|spine coloration=dark;tipped white
|spine count=6;10
|spine length=10mm;35mm
|spine orientation=spreading
|spine width=0.3mm;1mm
|stem architecture=unbranched
|stem atypical length=15cm;23cm
|stem atypical width=10cm;15cm
|stem coloration=light green;dark green
|stem length=2cm;15cm
|stem pubescence=glaucous
|stem shape=cylindric;ovoid
|stem width=1cm;10cm
|style relief=papillate
|tubercle prominence=prominent
}}<!--

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