View source for Echinocactus texensis

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Echinocactus texensis
|accepted_authority=Hopffer
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Allg. Gartenzeitung
|place=10: 297. 1842
|year=1842
}}
|common_names=Horse-crippler;devil’s-head;manca caballo
|basionyms=
|synonyms={{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Homalocephala texensis
|authority=(Hopffer) Britton & Rose
}}
|hierarchy=Cactaceae;Cactaceae subfam. Cactoideae;Echinocactus;Echinocactus texensis
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Cactaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>subfamily</small>[[Cactaceae subfam. Cactoideae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Echinocactus]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>species</small>[[Echinocactus texensis]]</div></div>
|volume=Volume 4
|mention_page=page 188, 189
|treatment_page=page 190
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-d0_s0" data-properties="plant architecture"><b>Plants </b>unbranched (very rarely branched).</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s1" data-properties="stem coloration;stem coloration;stem coloration;portion location;portion shape;portion shape;portion prominence;portion length;portion width;age life cycle;age location"><b>Stems </b>pale gray-green (desert populations) to grass green (eastern populations), aboveground portion flat-topped, hemispheric in old age but usually deep-seated, flush with soil surface, 10–30 × 10–30 cm;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s2" data-properties="rib count;rib prominence;rib course;rib orientation;rib course;plant condition;crest shape;rib dehiscence">ribs 13–27, very prominent, straight, vertical, or sinuous on desiccated plants, crests ± sharp, without depressions between areoles but sometimes areoles recessed part-way into rib.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s3" data-properties="spine atypical count;spine count;spine orientation;spine count;spine orientation;spine course;spine coloration;spine coloration;spine coloration;spine coloration;spine coloration;spine shape;spine shape;spine shape;spine architecture;spine pubescence;trichome shape;trichome architecture"><b>Spines </b>(6–) 7–8 per areole, mostly decurved or 1 porrect and straight, pale tan, pink, reddish to gray, terete to flattened, annulate, not hiding stem surfaces, minutely canescent with laterally compressed unicellular trichomes;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s4" data-properties="spine arrangement;spine atypical count;spine count">radial spines (5–) 6–7 per areole;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s5" data-properties="central spine count;central spine orientation;central spine orientation;central spine course;central spine orientation;central spine atypical length;central spine atypical length;central spine length;central spine atypical width;central spine width">central spine 1 per areole, porrect or descending, straight or distally decurved, (20–) 40–60 (–80) × 1.5–4 (–8) mm.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s6" data-properties="flower length;flower width"><b>Flowers </b>5–6 × 5–6 cm;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s7" data-properties="inner tepal coloration;inner tepal coloration;inner tepal coloration;inner tepal coloration;inner tepal coloration;inner tepal coloration;inner tepal coloration;inner tepal coloration;inner tepal coloration;inner tepal coloration;inner tepal atypical length;inner tepal length;inner tepal atypical width;inner tepal atypical width;inner tepal width;margin architecture or relief">inner tepals bright-rose-pink to pale silvery-pink, proximally orange to red, (15–) 28–32 × (3–) 6 (–9) mm, margins usually erose;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s8" data-properties="stigma lobe coloration;stigma lobe coloration;stigma lobe coloration">stigma lobes pink to pinkish white.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s9" data-properties="fruit dehiscence;fruit coloration;fruit coloration;fruit shape;fruit shape;fruit shape;fruit length;fruit width;fruit texture;surface prominence;hair arrangement"><b>Fruits </b>indehiscent (rarely rupturing irregularly), scarlet or crimson, spheric to ovoid, 15–50 × 15–40 mm, fleshy, surfaces not hidden by widely spaced hairs in axils of scales;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s10" data-properties="scale count;distal scale architecture or shape;distal scale pubescence">scales 13–21, distal scales spine-tipped, minutely puberulent.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s11" data-properties="seed coloration;seed shape;seed shape;seed some measurement;seed reflectance"><b>Seeds </b>black, spheric-reniform or irregularly obovoid, 2.5–3 mm, glossy;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s12" data-properties="">testa cells flat or very slightly convex.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s13" data-properties="testa cell prominence or shape;testa cell shape;2n chromosome count">2n = 22.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|habitat=Chihuahuan Desert, grasslands, openings in oak woodlands, Tamaulipan thorn scrub, deep soils, saline flats, low limestone hills
|elevation=0-1400 m
|distribution=N.Mex.;Tex.;Mexico (Coahuila;Durango;Nuevo León;Tamaulipas).
|discussion=<p>The western, desert populations of Echinocactus texensis, unlike the eastern plants, have longer central spines that project stiffly outward and can flatten off-road vehicle tires or seriously injure a large mammal stepping on them. A dense cover of ephemeral herbs or shallow blanket of snow can hide this species completely from view.</p>
|tables=
|references=
}}<!--

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-->{{#Taxon:
name=Echinocactus texensis
|author=
|authority=Hopffer
|rank=species
|parent rank=genus
|synonyms=Homalocephala texensis
|basionyms=
|family=Cactaceae
|habitat=Chihuahuan Desert, grasslands, openings in oak woodlands, Tamaulipan thorn scrub, deep soils, saline flats, low limestone hills
|elevation=0-1400 m
|distribution=N.Mex.;Tex.;Mexico (Coahuila;Durango;Nuevo León;Tamaulipas).
|reference=None
|publication title=Allg. Gartenzeitung
|publication year=1842
|special status=
|source xml=https://jpend@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/287ef3db526bd807d435a3c7423ef2df1e951227/V4/V4_358.xml
|subfamily=Cactaceae subfam. Cactoideae
|genus=Echinocactus
|species=Echinocactus texensis
|2n chromosome count=22
|age life cycle=old
|age location=deep-seated
|central spine atypical length=60mm;80mm
|central spine atypical width=4mm;8mm
|central spine count=1
|central spine course=straight
|central spine length=40mm;60mm
|central spine orientation=decurved;descending;porrect
|central spine width=1.5mm;4mm
|crest shape=sharp
|distal scale architecture or shape=spine-tipped
|distal scale pubescence=puberulent
|flower length=5cm;6cm
|flower width=5cm;6cm
|fruit coloration=crimson;scarlet
|fruit dehiscence=indehiscent
|fruit length=15mm;50mm
|fruit shape=spheric;ovoid
|fruit texture=fleshy
|fruit width=15mm;40mm
|hair arrangement=spaced
|inner tepal atypical length=15mm;28mm
|inner tepal atypical width=6mm;9mm
|inner tepal coloration=bright-rose-pink;pale silvery-pink proximally orange
|inner tepal length=28mm;32mm
|inner tepal width=6
|margin architecture or relief=erose
|plant architecture=unbranched
|plant condition=desiccated
|portion length=10cm;30cm
|portion location=aboveground
|portion prominence=flush
|portion shape=hemispheric;flat-topped
|portion width=10cm;30cm
|rib count=13;27
|rib course=sinuous;straight
|rib dehiscence=part-way
|rib orientation=vertical
|rib prominence=prominent
|scale count=13;21
|seed coloration=black
|seed reflectance=glossy
|seed shape=obovoid;spheric-reniform
|seed some measurement=2.5mm;3mm
|spine architecture=annulate
|spine arrangement=radial
|spine atypical count=5;6
|spine coloration=reddish;gray
|spine count=6;7
|spine course=straight
|spine orientation=porrect;decurved
|spine pubescence=canescent
|spine shape=terete;flattened
|stem coloration=pale gray-green;grass green
|stigma lobe coloration=pink;pinkish white
|surface prominence=not hidden
|testa cell prominence or shape=flat
|testa cell shape=convex
|trichome architecture=unicellular
|trichome shape=compressed
}}<!--

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