View source for Pisonia aculeata

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Pisonia aculeata
|accepted_authority=Linnaeus
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Sp. Pl.
|place=2: 1026. 1753
|year=1753
}}
|common_names=Devil’s-claw;cockspur;pull-and-hold-back;old-hook;garabato prieto
|basionyms=
|synonyms=
|hierarchy=Nyctaginaceae;Pisonia;Pisonia aculeata
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Nyctaginaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Pisonia]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>species</small>[[Pisonia aculeata]]</div></div>
|volume=Volume 4
|mention_page=page 72
|treatment_page=page 73
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-d0_s0" data-properties="vine some measurement;shrub some measurement"><b>Vines </b>or shrubs, to 3 m;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s1" data-properties="vine growth form;vine texture">vines subscandent, woody;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s2" data-properties="branch orientation;branch architecture;spine fragility or size;spine orientation;spine some measurement">branches spreading at right angles, armed with stout, recurved spines 6–20 mm.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s3" data-properties="stem pubescence;stem pubescence;stem condition"><b>Stems </b>velvety when young, glabrate later.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s4" data-properties="leaf-blade shape;leaf-blade shape;leaf-blade shape;leaf-blade length;leaf-blade width;base shape;apex shape;apex pubescence"><b>Leaf-</b>blades ovate to obovate, 2–10 × 2–7 cm, base cuneate, apex subacute, glabrate.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s5" data-properties="inflorescence architecture;inflorescence shape;inflorescence density;inflorescence diameter"><b>Inflorescences:</b> staminate inflorescences subglobose, dense, 1–3 cm diam.;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s6" data-properties="inflorescence architecture;inflorescence shape;inflorescence architecture">pistillate inflorescences subglobose at anthesis, more open in age;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s7" data-properties="branch arrangement;branch orientation">branches divaricate or ascending;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s8" data-properties="inflorescence some measurement">fruiting pedicel 0.5–2 cm.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s9" data-properties="perianth coloration;perianth shape;perianth some measurement;perianth pubescence;flower architecture"><b>Perianths:</b> perianth of staminate flowers yellowish green, broadly campanulate, 2–3 mm, densely and shortly viscid-villous;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s10" data-properties="perianth coloration;perianth coloration;perianth some measurement;perianth pubescence;flower architecture">perianth of pistillate flowers greenish, often blushed with red, 2–3 mm, puberulent.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s11" data-properties="fruit shape;fruit length;fruit width;fruit pubescence"><b>Fruits </b>clavate, 7–10 × 3–4 mm, densely puberulent between glandular ribs, glands extending entire length of fruits.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|habitat=Hammocks, moist thickets
|elevation=0-100[-1000] m
|distribution=Fla.;Tex.;Mexico;West Indies;Central America;South America;Asia;Africa;Pacific Islands;Australia.
|discussion=<p>Pisonia aculeata is nearly pantropical, found throughout the New World tropics and is considered introduced in Africa, Asia, and the Phillipines, but in the flora area it reaches only to the lower Rio Grande valley and southern Florida. It is closely allied with the less widely distributed Pisonia capitata, and there appears to be no distinction between pistillate plants of the two species. A. L. Bogle (1974) discussed the possible presence of Pisonia aculeata var. macranthocarpa in the flora.</p>
|tables=
|references=
}}<!--

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-->{{#Taxon:
name=Pisonia aculeata
|author=
|authority=Linnaeus
|rank=species
|parent rank=genus
|synonyms=
|basionyms=
|family=Nyctaginaceae
|habitat=Hammocks, moist thickets
|elevation=0-100[-1000] m
|distribution=Fla.;Tex.;Mexico;West Indies;Central America;South America;Asia;Africa;Pacific Islands;Australia.
|reference=None
|publication title=Sp. Pl.
|publication year=1753
|special status=
|source xml=https://jpend@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/287ef3db526bd807d435a3c7423ef2df1e951227/V4/V4_151.xml
|genus=Pisonia
|species=Pisonia aculeata
|apex pubescence=glabrate
|apex shape=subacute
|base shape=cuneate
|branch architecture=armed
|branch arrangement=divaricate
|branch orientation=ascending;spreading
|flower architecture=pistillate;staminate
|fruit length=7mm;10mm
|fruit pubescence=puberulent
|fruit shape=clavate
|fruit width=3mm;4mm
|inflorescence architecture=open;pistillate;staminate
|inflorescence density=dense
|inflorescence diameter=1cm;3cm
|inflorescence shape=subglobose;subglobose
|inflorescence some measurement=0.5cm;2cm
|leaf-blade length=2cm;10cm
|leaf-blade shape=ovate;obovate
|leaf-blade width=2cm;7cm
|perianth coloration=blushed with red;greenish;yellowish green
|perianth pubescence=puberulent;viscid-villous
|perianth shape=campanulate
|perianth some measurement=2mm;3mm
|shrub some measurement=0m;3m
|spine fragility or size=stout
|spine orientation=recurved
|spine some measurement=6mm;20mm
|stem condition=later
|stem pubescence=glabrate;velvety
|vine growth form=subscandent
|vine some measurement=0m;3m
|vine texture=woody
}}<!--

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