View source for Claytonia

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Claytonia
|accepted_authority=Linnaeus
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Sp. Pl.
|place=1: 204. 1753
|year=1753
}}, {{Treatment/Publication
|title=Gen. Pl. ed.
|place=5, 96. 1754
|year=1754
}}
|common_names=Spring beauty
|basionyms=
|synonyms={{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Belia
|authority=Steller ex J. G. Gmelin
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Limnia
|authority=Haworth
}}
|hierarchy=Portulacaceae;Claytonia
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Portulacaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Claytonia]]</div></div>
|etymology=for John Clayton, 1686–1773, physician and plant collector in Virginia
|volume=Volume 4
|mention_page=page 457, 458
|treatment_page=page 465
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Herbs,</b> usually annual or perennial, occasionally biennial in <i>Claytonia rubra</i>. <b>Roots</b> branched, capillary or fibrous. <b>Stems</b>: subterranean stems tubers, rhizomes, or woody caudices, sometimes with multiple forms on single individuals (e.g., <i>C. umbellata</i> and <i>C. tuberosa</i>); aerial stems erect or decumbent; nodes glabrous. <b>Leaves</b> basal and cauline, not articulate at base, somewhat to markedly clasping, attachment points linear; basal leaves few to several in rosettes, blade linear, lanceolate, oblanceolate, spatulate, trullate, rhomboid, ovate, or deltate, apex obtuse to apiculate; cauline leaves 2 and opposite, rarely 3 and whorled, distinct or partially or completely connate, or perfoliate, blade linear to ovate. <b>Inflorescences</b> terminal, racemose or umbellate, secund, bracteate; bracts leaflike or membranous and scalelike. <b>Flowers</b> showy; sepals persistent, leaflike, unequal; petals 5; stamens 5, adnate to petal bases; ovary globose, ovules 3 or 6; style 1; stigmas 3. <b>Capsules</b> 3-valved, longitudinally dehiscent from apex, valves not deciduous, margins hygroscopic, involute. <b>Seeds</b> (1–)3–6, black, rounded, shiny and smooth to tuberculate, with white elaiosome; seeds dispersed ballistically and by ants. <b>x</b> = 5, 6, 7, 8.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=North America;(including Mexico);Central America (Guatemala);Asia;adventive in Europe and New Zealand. A related species;Claytonia joanneana Roemer & Schultes;occurs in the Altai Mountains of Siberia and Mongolia.
|discussion=<p>Species 26 (25 in the flora).</p>
|tables=
|references={{Treatment/Reference
|id=chambers1993a
|text=Chambers, K. L. 1993. Claytonia. In: J. C. Hickman, ed. 1993. The Jepson Manual. Higher Plants of California. Berkeley, Los Angeles, and London. Pp. 898–900.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=davis1966a
|text=Davis, R. G. 1966. The North American perennial species of Claytonia. Brittonia 18: 285–303.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=doyle1984a
|text=Doyle, J. J. 1984. Karyotypic variation of eastern North American Claytonia chemical races. Amer. J. Bot. 71: 970–978.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=halleck1966a
|text=Halleck, D. K. and D. Wiens. 1966. Taxonomic status of Claytonia rosea and C. lanceolata (Portulacaceae). Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 53: 205–212.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=lewis1967a
|text=Lewis, W. H. 1967. Cytocatalytic evolution in plants. Bot. Rev. (Lancaster) 33: 105–115.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=lewis1967b
|text=Lewis, W. H., R. L. Oliver, and Y. Suda. 1967. Cytogeography of Claytonia virginica and its allies. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 54: 153–171.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=lewis1968a
|text=Lewis, W. H. and Y. Suda. 1968. Karyotypes in relation to classification and phylogeny in Claytonia. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 55: 64–67.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=mcneill1972a
|text=McNeill, J. 1972. New taxa of Claytonia section Claytonia (Portulacaceae). Canad. J. Bot. 50: 1895–1898.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=miller1993a
|text=Miller, J. M. and K. L. Chambers. 1993. Nomenclatural changes and new taxa in Claytonia (Portulacaceae) in western North America. Novon 3: 268–273.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=packer-a
|text=Packer, J. G., ed. 1995+. Flora of the Russian Arctic.... 3+ vols. Edmonton. Vol. 3, pp. 195–204.
}}
}}<!--

--><div class="treatment-key">
==Key==
<div class="treatment-key-group">
  
{| class="wikitable fna-keytable"
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Plants annual, sometimes biennial, with minute, tuberous bodies
|[[#key-0-2| > 2]]
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Plants perennial, with stolons, rhizomes, tubers, or woody caudices
|[[#key-0-10| > 10]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Inflorescences with 2-several bracts (rarely only 2); proximalmost bract leaflike, distal bracts leaflike or reduced to membranous scales
|[[#key-0-3| > 3]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Inflorescence ebracteate or 1-bracteate; bract leaflike
|[[#key-0-5| > 5]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Flowers 4-8 mm diam.; petals not candy-striped; basal leaf blades rhombic or ovate
|[[Claytonia washingtoniana|Claytonia washingtoniana]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Flowers 8-20 mm diam.; petals white, candy-striped, or pink; basal leaf blades linear to deltate
|[[#key-0-4| > 4]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Cauline leaf blades linear; distal bracts reduced to membranous scales; seeds (1-)6
|[[Claytonia arenicola|Claytonia arenicola]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Cauline leaf blades broad; distal bracts leaflike; seeds (1-)3
|[[Claytonia sibirica|Claytonia sibirica]]
|-id=key-0-5
|5
|Flowers 10-15 mm diam.; inflorescences ebracteate
|[[Claytonia saxosa|Claytonia saxosa]]
|-id=key-0-5
|5
|Flowers 2-12 mm diam.; inflorescences 1-bracteate
|[[#key-0-6| > 6]]
|-id=key-0-6
|6
|Basal leaf blades usually trullate or rhombic to deltate, sometimes spatulate, less than 3 times longer than wide
|[[#key-0-7| > 7]]
|-id=key-0-6
|6
|Basal leaf blades usually linear, sometimes spatulate, blade much longer than wide
|[[#key-0-8| > 8]]
|-id=key-0-7
|7
|Basal rosettes flattened to suberect; leaf blades trullate, spatulate, or narrowly rhombic to ovate, apex obtuse, red pigmentation often strong even in juvenile plants
|[[Claytonia rubra|Claytonia rubra]]
|-id=key-0-7
|7
|Basal rosettes suberect to erect, seldom flattened; leaf blades broadly rhombic to deltate or reniform, apex obtuse to apiculate, red pigmentation often weak
|[[Claytonia perfoliata|Claytonia perfoliata]]
|-id=key-0-8
|8
|Seeds often smooth or with low tubercles, not pebbly; leaf blades not glau- cous, green or pink
|[[Claytonia parviflora|Claytonia parviflora]]
|-id=key-0-8
|8
|Seeds often tuberculate and pebbly; leaf blades glaucous, gray, beige, or pink
|[[#key-0-9| > 9]]
|-id=key-0-9
|9
|Flowers 3-5 mm diam
|[[Claytonia exigua|Claytonia exigua]]
|-id=key-0-9
|9
|Flowers 6-12 mm diam
|[[Claytonia gypsophiloides|Claytonia gypsophiloides]]
|-id=key-0-10
|10
|Plants with tubers sometimes connected by rhizomes
|[[#key-0-11| > 11]]
|-id=key-0-10
|10
|Plants with rhizomes or woody caudices
|[[#key-0-19| > 19]]
|-id=key-0-11
|11
|Bracts 2 or more, distal bracts leaflike or reduced to membranous scales; cauline leaves often strongly tapered in basal 1/2
|[[#key-0-12| > 12]]
|-id=key-0-11
|11
|Bracts 1 or absent, (rarely 2 in C. caroliniana); cauline leaves seldom tapered in no more than basal 1/4
|[[#key-0-15| > 15]]
|-id=key-0-12
|12
|Bracts all leaflike; tubers napiform
|[[Claytonia ogilviensis|Claytonia ogilviensis]]
|-id=key-0-12
|12
|Proximalmost bract leaflike, distal bracts reduced to membranous scales; tubers globose
|[[#key-0-13| > 13]]
|-id=key-0-13
|13
|Petals white with yellow blotch at base
|[[Claytonia tuberosa|Claytonia tuberosa]]
|-id=key-0-13
|13
|Petals white, pink, rose, magenta, cream, yellow, or yellow-orange, lacking yellow blotch at base
|[[#key-0-14| > 14]]
|-id=key-0-14
|14
|Petals pink, rose, or magenta
|[[Claytonia rosea|Claytonia rosea]]
|-id=key-0-14
|14
|Petals white, cream, yellow, or yellow-orange
|[[Claytonia multiscapa|Claytonia multiscapa]]
|-id=key-0-15
|15
|Bracts absent; petals pink to magenta
|[[Claytonia umbellata|Claytonia umbellata]]
|-id=key-0-15
|15
|Bracts present; petals white, white with yellow blotch at base, yellow, orange, or candy-striped (sometimes pink, rose, or magenta in C. caroliniana, C. lanceolata, and C. virginica)
|[[#key-0-16| > 16]]
|-id=key-0-16
|16
|Cauline leaf blades linear, 0.2-1.2 cm wide, tapered to slender base
|[[#key-0-17| > 17]]
|-id=key-0-16
|16
|Cauline leaf blades lanceolate or spatulate to ovate, 0.4-2.5 cm wide, abruptly petiolate or sessile
|[[#key-0-18| > 18]]
|-id=key-0-17
|17
|Petals white, pinkish, or rose, candy-striped, rarely yellow or orange, or white with pink-lavender candy-stripes; e North America to Texas
|[[Claytonia virginica|Claytonia virginica]]
|-id=key-0-17
|17
|Petals white with yellow blotch at base; Alaska, Yukon
|[[Claytonia tuberosa|Claytonia tuberosa]]
|-id=key-0-18
|18
|Basal leaves 6-21; cauline leaves petiolate; e North America
|[[Claytonia caroliniana|Claytonia caroliniana]]
|-id=key-0-18
|18
|Basal leaves 1-6 or absent; cauline leaves sessile; w North American cordillera
|[[Claytonia lanceolata|Claytonia lanceolata]]
|-id=key-0-19
|19
|Plants with woody caudices
|[[#key-0-20| > 20]]
|-id=key-0-19
|19
|Plants rhizomatous
|[[#key-0-22| > 22]]
|-id=key-0-20
|20
|Basal leaves and bracts with apex acute; petals white or pink to bright rose with yellow blotches at base, or white
|[[Claytonia acutifolia|Claytonia acutifolia]]
|-id=key-0-20
|20
|Basal leaves and bracts (where present) with apex obtuse; petals usually pink to magenta, sometimes yellow or white
|[[#key-0-21| > 21]]
|-id=key-0-21
|21
|Stems 1-10 cm; bracts absent; Alaska
|[[Claytonia arctica|Claytonia arctica]]
|-id=key-0-21
|21
|Stems 10-50 cm; bracts present; not in Alaska
|[[Claytonia megarhiza|Claytonia megarhiza]]
|-id=key-0-22
|22
|Bracts present; seeds (1-)3
|[[#key-0-23| > 23]]
|-id=key-0-22
|22
|Bracts absent; seeds (1-)6
|[[#key-0-24| > 24]]
|-id=key-0-23
|23
|Cauline leaves equal, sessile, blade lanceolate to ovate; basal leaf blades 1-5 cm wide
|[[Claytonia sibirica|Claytonia sibirica]]
|-id=key-0-23
|23
|Cauline leaves unequal, petiolate, blade linear to spatulate; basal leaf blades 0.1-1 cm wide
|[[Claytonia palustris|Claytonia palustris]]
|-id=key-0-24
|24
|Rhizomes 0.5-3 mm diam.; Alaska, Yukon, n British Columbia
|[[#key-0-25| > 25]]
|-id=key-0-24
|24
|Rhizomes 4-8 mm diam.; w United States
|[[#key-0-26| > 26]]
|-id=key-0-25
|25
|Basal leaf baldes linear to narrowly spatualte, 1-10 × 0.1-1 cm
|[[Claytonia scammaniana|Claytonia scammaniana]]
|-id=key-0-25
|25
|Basal leaf blades elliptic to spatulate, 1-8 × 1-2 cm
|[[Claytonia sarmentosa|Claytonia sarmentosa]]
|-id=key-0-26
|26
|Basal leaf blades deltate to ovate or cordate; cauline leaf blades 1-5 cm; petals white
|[[Claytonia cordifolia|Claytonia cordifolia]]
|-id=key-0-26
|26
|Basal leaf blades spatulate to rhombic or ovate; cauline leaf blades 0.5-2 cm; petals pink to magenta
|[[Claytonia nevadensis|Claytonia nevadensis]]
|}
</div></div><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Claytonia
|author=John M. Miller
|authority=Linnaeus
|rank=genus
|parent rank=family
|synonyms=Belia;Limnia
|basionyms=
|family=Portulacaceae
|distribution=North America;(including Mexico);Central America (Guatemala);Asia;adventive in Europe and New Zealand. A related species;Claytonia joanneana Roemer & Schultes;occurs in the Altai Mountains of Siberia and Mongolia.
|reference=chambers1993a;davis1966a;doyle1984a;halleck1966a;lewis1967a;lewis1967b;lewis1968a;mcneill1972a;miller1993a;packer-a
|publication title=Sp. Pl.;Gen. Pl. ed.
|publication year=1753;1754
|special status=
|source xml=https://jpend@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation.git/src/f6b125a955440c0872999024f038d74684f65921/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V4/V4_922.xml
|genus=Claytonia
}}<!--

-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Portulacaceae]]