View source for Lophophora williamsii

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Lophophora williamsii
|accepted_authority=(Lemaire ex Salm-Dyck) J. M. Coulter
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb.
|place=3: 131. 1894
|year=1894
}}
|common_names=Mescal buttons;divine cactus
|basionyms={{Treatment/ID/Basionym
|name=Echinocactus williamsii
|authority=Lemaire ex Salm-Dyck
|publication_title=Allg. Gartenzeitung
|publication_place=13: 385. 1845
}}
|synonyms={{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Anhalonium williamsii
|authority=(Lemaire ex Salm-Dyck) Lemaire
}}
|hierarchy=Cactaceae;Cactaceae subfam. Cactoideae;Lophophora;Lophophora williamsii
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Cactaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>subfamily</small>[[Cactaceae subfam. Cactoideae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Lophophora]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>species</small>[[Lophophora williamsii]]</div></div>
|volume=Volume 4
|mention_page=page 192, 243
|treatment_page=page 242
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Plants </b>0–50-branched, nearly flush with soil surface. <b>Roots</b> fleshy, broadly carrot-shaped, 6–12 cm. <b>Stems</b> flat or domelike with deeply depressed center; ribs to 25 mm broad. <b>Flowers</b>: outer tepals narrowly elliptic to oblanceolate, apex acute, mucronate; inner tepals elliptic, margins white to greenish pink, midstripes darker, apex mucronate or attenuate; ovary 3–4.5 mm; styles white, 5–14 mm. <b>2n</b> = 22.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|phenology=Flowering Mar–May(-Sep).
|habitat=Chihuahuan desert scrub, Tamaulipan thorn scrub, usually on or near limestone hills
|elevation=100-1500[-1900] m
|distribution=Tex.;Mexico (Chihuahua;Coahuila;Nuevo León;San Luis Potosí;Tamaulipas;Zacatecas).
|discussion=<p>Long used for religious and medicinal purposes by native peoples, <i>Lophophora williamsii</i> is famous for its psychoactive alkaloids, primarily mescaline, which are concentrated in the small, photosynthetic, above-ground portion of the stem. Experienced peyoteros harvest only the top few millimeters of the stem, leaving the deeply recessed apical meristem, thus allowing regeneration. The plants live for many decades and grow very slowly. Anhalonium, a later name for <i>Ariocarpus</i>, has been applied to species of <i>Lophophora</i>, and was widely used in older pharmaceutical literature.</p><!--
--><p>Fruits abruptly ripen up to one year (rarely longer) after flowering.</p>
|tables=
|references=
}}<!--

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-->{{#Taxon:
name=Lophophora williamsii
|author=
|authority=(Lemaire ex Salm-Dyck) J. M. Coulter
|rank=species
|parent rank=genus
|synonyms=Anhalonium williamsii
|basionyms=Echinocactus williamsii
|family=Cactaceae
|phenology=Flowering Mar–May(-Sep).
|habitat=Chihuahuan desert scrub, Tamaulipan thorn scrub, usually on or near limestone hills
|elevation=100-1500[-1900] m
|distribution=Tex.;Mexico (Chihuahua;Coahuila;Nuevo León;San Luis Potosí;Tamaulipas;Zacatecas).
|reference=None
|publication title=Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb.
|publication year=1894
|special status=
|source xml=https://jpend@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation.git/src/f6b125a955440c0872999024f038d74684f65921/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V4/V4_443.xml
|subfamily=Cactaceae subfam. Cactoideae
|genus=Lophophora
|species=Lophophora williamsii
}}<!--

-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Lophophora]]