View source for Castanea

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Castanea
|accepted_authority=Miller
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Gard. Dict. Abr. ed.
|place=4. 1754
|year=1754
}}
|common_names=Chestnut;châtaignier
|basionyms=
|synonyms=
|hierarchy=Fagaceae;Castanea
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Fagaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Castanea]]</div></div>
|etymology=Classical Latin, from Greek kastanaion karuon, nut from Castania, probably referring either to Kastanaia in Pontus or Castana in Thessaly
|volume=Volume 3
|mention_page=
|treatment_page=
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Trees </b>or shrubs, winter-deciduous, sometimes rhizomatous. <b>Terminal</b> buds absent, pseudoterminal bud (axillary bud of youngest leaf) ovoid, with 2 unequal opposite outer scales enclosing several imbricate inner scales. <b>Leaves</b>: stipules prominent on new growth, soon deciduous. <b>Leaf</b> blade thin, somewhat leathery, secondary veins unbranched, ±parallel, extending to margin, each vein ending in sharp tooth or well-developed awn. <b>Inflorescences</b> staminate or androgynous, axillary, spicate, erect, rigid or flexible; androgynous inflorescences with pistillate cupules/flowers toward base and staminate flowers distally. <b>Staminate</b> flowers: sepals distinct; stamens 12(-18), typically surrounding indurate pistillode covered with silky hairs. <b>Pistillate</b> flowers 1-3 per cupule; sepals distinct; carpels and styles typically 6(-9). <b>Fruits</b>: maturation in 1st year following pollination (termed annual by many authors); cupule 2-4-valved, valves connate marginally until maturity, ±completely enclosing nut(s), spiny, spines irregularly branched, often interlocking, densely or sparsely covered in simple hairs; nuts 1-3 per cupule, plano-convex, or if 3, then central nut often reduced and flattened, or if solitary, then often rounded in cross section, not winged, adjacent nuts not separated by internal cupule valves. <b>x</b> = 12.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=North America;Europe;Asia.
|discussion=<p>Species ca. 8-10 (3 in the flora, often interpreted as 2).</p><!--
--><p>As evidenced by United States breeding programs, all species are probably interfertile (including American × Asian species). Local morphologic intergradation between species is to be expected.</p>
|tables=
|references={{Treatment/Reference
|id=hardin1985a
|text=Hardin, J. W. and G. P. Johnson. 1985. Atlas of foliar surface features in woody plants, VIII. Fagus and Castanea (Fagaceae) of eastern North America. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 112: 11-20.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=johnson1988b
|text=Johnson, G. P. 1988. Revision of Castanea sect. Balanocastanon (Fagaceae). J. Arnold Arbor. 69: 25-49.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=paillet1989a
|text=Paillet, F. L. and P. A. Rutter. 1989. Replacement of native oak and hickory tree species by the introduced American chestnut Castanea dentata in southwestern Wisconsin, USA. Canad. J. Bot. 67: 3457-3469.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=paillet1993a
|text=Paillet, F. L. 1993. Growth form and life histories of American chestnut and Allegheny and Ozark chinquapin at various North American sites. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 120: 257-268.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=tucker1975a
|text=Tucker, G. E. 1975. Castanea pumila var. ozarkensis (Ashe) Tucker, comb. nov. Proc. Arkansas Acad. Sci. 29: 67-69.
}}
}}<!--

--><div class="treatment-key">
==Key==
<div class="treatment-key-group">
  
{| class="wikitable fna-keytable"
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Cupules 4-valved, enclosing 3 flowers/fruits; leaf blade abaxially without stellate trichomes, appearing glabrous, with minute multicellular glands, these often embedded on blade, and simple trichomes on veins; nut obovate, flattened at least on 1 side, beak thin, flexible, to 8 mm or more excluding styles.
|[[Castanea dentata|Castanea dentata]]
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Cupules 2-valved, enclosing 1 flower/fruit; leaf blade abaxially bearing stellate trichomes (occasionally visible only with magnification), often with simple trichomes on veins; nut round in cross section, ovoid-conic, beak less than 3mm excluding styles.
|[[#key-0-2| > 2]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Longest spines of cupule often exceeding 10 mm; young twigs glabrous; petiole usually 8–10(–15) mm; bark brownish, moderately to deeply fissured.
|[[Castanea ozarkensis|Castanea ozarkensis]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Longest spines of cupule usually less than 10 mm; young twigs puberulent (sometimes glabrate with age); petiole usually 3–7(–10) mm; bark gray to brown, smooth, not fissured or only shallowly fissured.
|[[Castanea pumila|Castanea pumila]]
|}
</div></div><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Castanea
|author=
|authority=Miller
|rank=genus
|parent rank=family
|synonyms=
|basionyms=
|family=Fagaceae
|distribution=North America;Europe;Asia.
|reference=hardin1985a;johnson1988b;paillet1989a;paillet1993a;tucker1975a
|publication title=Gard. Dict. Abr. ed.
|publication year=1754
|special status=
|source xml=https://jpend@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation.git/src/f6b125a955440c0872999024f038d74684f65921/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V3/V3_684.xml
|genus=Castanea
}}<!--

-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Fagaceae]]