View source for Delphinium

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Delphinium
|accepted_authority=Linnaeus
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Sp. Pl.
|place=1: 530. 175
}}, {{Treatment/Publication
|title=Gen. Pl. ed
|place=5, 236. 1754
|year=1754
}}
|common_names=Larkspur;delphinium
|basionyms=
|synonyms=
|hierarchy=Ranunculaceae;Delphinium
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Ranunculaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Delphinium]]</div></div>
|etymology=Greek delphinion, derived from delphin, possibly for fancied resemblance of flowers of some species to classical sculptures of dolphins
|volume=Volume 3
|mention_page=
|treatment_page=
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Herbs,</b> perennial, from fasciculate roots or rhizomes. <b>Leaves</b> basal and/or cauline, petiolate, petioles gradually to abruptly shorter on distal leaves; basal leaves usually larger than cauline; cauline leaves alternate. <b>Leaf</b> blade deeply palmately divided, round to pentagonal or reniform, margins entire or lobes apically crenate or lacerate, lobes of basal blades wider and fewer than those of cauline blades. <b>Inflorescences</b> terminal, 2-100(-more)-flowered racemes (occasionally branched, thus technically panicles), 5-40 cm or more; bracts subtending inflorescence branches; pedicels present or absent; bracteoles (on pedicels) subopposite-subalternate, not forming involucre. <b>Flowers</b> bisexual, bilaterally symmetric; sepals not persistent in fruit, 5; upper sepal 1, spurred, 8-24 mm; lateral sepals 2, ± ovate to elliptic, 8-18 mm; lower sepals 2, similar to lateral sepals; upper petals 2, spurred, enclosed in upper sepal, nectary inside tip of spur; lower petals 2, plane, ± ovate, ± 2-lobed, clawed, 2-12 mm, nectary absent; stamens 25-40; filaments with base expanded; staminodes absent between stamens and pistils; pistils 3(-5), simple; ovules 8-20 per pistil; style present. <b>Fruits</b> follicles, aggregate, sessile, ± curved-cylindric, sides prominently veined or not; beak terminal, straight, 2-4 mm. <b>Seeds</b> dark brown to black (often appearing white because of air in seed coat cells), rectangular to pyramidal, often ± rough surfaced. <b>x</b> = 8.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=n temperate and arctic subtropical and;in Eastern Hemisphere;tropical mountains (s of equator in Africa).
|discussion=<p>Species ca. 300 (61 in the flora).</p><!--
--><p>Three Eurasian species of <i>Delphinium</i>–<i>D. elatum</i> Linnaeus, D. grandiflorum Linnaeus, and D. tatsienense Franchet–have been commonly cultivated in North America. Of the nonnative taxa, only <i>D. elatum</i> is sporadically naturalized, as far as is known. Isolating mechanisms in <i>Delphinium</i> appear to be primarily ecological, geographic, and/or temporal. Where these distinctions are disrupted, introgression often exists. Hybridization occurs regularly between certain taxa, particularly in areas of disturbance (e.g., roadcuts, drainage ditches, clearcuts). The more common and easily recognized hybrids are included in the key.</p><!--
--><p>Many names have been misapplied in <i>Delphinium</i>. The few misapplied names mentioned in discussions below refer to relatively widespread problems.</p><!--
--><p>Unless otherwise noted, the key and descriptions refer to fresh material. Some features may be significantly altered by pressing; they can, however, usually be determined with a certain amount of effort and experience.</p><!--
--><p>In the descriptions, "base of cleft" refers to the point where the cleft or sinus reaches most deeply into the petal blade.</p>
|tables=
|references={{Treatment/Reference
|id=ewan1945a
|text=Ewan, J. 1945. A synopsis of the North American species of Delphinium. Univ. Colorado Stud., Ser. D, Phys. Sci. 2: 55-244.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=lewis1954a
|text=Lewis, H. and C. Epling. 1954. A taxonomic study of Californian delphiniums. Brittonia 8: 1-22.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=taylor1960a
|text=Taylor, R. J. 1960. The genus Delphinium in Wyoming. Univ. Wyoming Publ. 24: 9-21.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=warnock1993a
|text=Warnock, M. J. 1993. Delphinium. In: J. C. Hickman, ed. 1993. The Jepson Manual. Higher Plants of California. Berkeley, Los Angeles, and London. Pp. 916-922.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=warnock1995a
|text=Warnock, M. J. 1995. A taxonomic conspectus of North American Delphinium. Phytologia 78(2): 73-101.
}}
}}<!--

--><div class="treatment-key">
==Key==
<div class="treatment-key-group">
  
{| class="wikitable fna-keytable"
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Lower petal blades less than 1/5 length of lateral sepals; sepals never red or yellow.
|[[Delphinium sect. Elatopsis|Sect. Elatopsis]]
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Lower petal blades more than 1/5 length of lateral sepals; sepals blue, purple, white, red, or yellow.
|[[Delphinium sect. Diedropetala|Sect. Diedropetala]]
|}
</div></div><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Delphinium
|author=
|authority=Linnaeus
|rank=genus
|parent rank=family
|synonyms=
|basionyms=
|family=Ranunculaceae
|distribution=n temperate and arctic subtropical and;in Eastern Hemisphere;tropical mountains (s of equator in Africa).
|reference=ewan1945a;lewis1954a;taylor1960a;warnock1993a;warnock1995a
|publication title=Sp. Pl.;Gen. Pl. ed
|publication year=;1754
|special status=
|source xml=https://jpend@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation.git/src/f6b125a955440c0872999024f038d74684f65921/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V3/V3_53.xml
|genus=Delphinium
}}<!--

-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Ranunculaceae]]