View source for Sorghum bicolor

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Sorghum bicolor
|accepted_authority=(L.) Moench
|publications=
|common_names=Sorghum
|basionyms=
|synonyms={{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Sorghum vulgare
|authority=unknown
}}
|hierarchy=Poaceae;Poaceae subfam. Panicoideae;Poaceae tribe Andropogoneae;Sorghum;Sorghum bicolor
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Poaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>subfamily</small>[[Poaceae subfam. Panicoideae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>tribe</small>[[Poaceae tribe Andropogoneae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Sorghum]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>species</small>[[Sorghum bicolor]]</div></div>
|volume=Volume 25
|mention_page=
|treatment_page=page 628
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Plants </b>annual or short-lived perennials; often tillering, without rhizomes. <b>Culms</b> 50-500+ cm tall, 1-5 cm thick, sometimes branching above the base; nodes glabrous or appressed pubescent; internodes glabrous. <b>Ligules</b> 1-4 mm; blades 5-100 cm long, 5-100 mm wide, sometimes glabrous. <b>Panicles</b> 5-60 cm long, 3-30 cm wide, open or contracted, primary branches compound, terminating in rames with 2-7 spikelet pairs; disarticulation usually not occurring or tardy. <b>Sessile</b> spikelets bisexual, 3-9 mm, lanceolate to ovate; calluses blunt; glumes coriaceous to membranous, glabrous, densely hirsute, or pubescent, keels usually winged; upper lemmas unawned or with a geniculate, twisted, 5-30 mm awn; anthers 2-2.8 mm. <b>Pedicels</b> 1-2.6 mm. <b>Pedicellate</b> spikelets 3-6 mm, usually shorter than the sessile spikelets, staminate or sterile. <b>Caryopses</b> often exposed at maturity. <b>2n</b> = 20, 40.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=Conn.;N.J.;N.Y.;Wash.;D.C;Wis.;Ont.;Que.;Pacific Islands (Hawaii);Fla.;Wyo.;Puerto Rico;N.Mex.;Mass.;R.I.;La.;Mich.;Nebr.;Nev.;S.Dak.;N.C.;N.Dak.;Tenn.;Pa.;Calif.;Miss.;Va.;Colo.;Md.;Virgin Islands;Ala.;N.H.;Ark.;Vt.;Ill.;Ga.;Ind.;Iowa;Okla.;Ariz.;Idaho;Maine;Mont.;Oreg.;Tex.;Ohio;Utah;Mo.;Minn.;Kans.;Ky.;S.C.
|discussion=<p><i>Sorghum bicolor</i> was domesticated in Africa 3000 years ago, reached northwestern India before 2500 B.C., and became an important crop in China after the Mongolian conquest. It was introduced to the Western Hemisphere in the early sixteenth century, and is now an important crop in the United States and Mexico. Numerous cultivated strains exist, some of which have been formally named. They are all interfertile with each other and with other wild species of <i>Sorghum</i>.</p><!--
--><p>The treatment presented here is based on de Wet (1978) and is somewhat artificial. <i>Sorghum bicolor </i>subsp.<i> arundinaceum</i> is the wild progenitor of the cultivated strains, all of which are treated as <i>S. bicolor </i>subsp.<i> bicolor</i>. These strains tend to lose their distinguishing characteristics if left to themselves. They will also hybridize with <i></i></i>subsp.<i><i> arundinaceum</i>, and these hybrids can backcross to either parent, resulting in plants that may strongly resemble one parent while having some characteristics of the other. All such hybrids and backcrosses are treated here as <i>S. bicolor </i>subsp.<i> xdrummondii</i>.</p>
|tables=
|references=
}}<!--

--><div class="treatment-key">
==Key==
<div class="treatment-key-group">
  
{| class="wikitable fna-keytable"
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Inflorescences branches remaining intact at maturity; caryopses exposed at maturity; sessile spikelets 3-9 mm long, elliptic to oblong
|[[Sorghum bicolor subsp. bicolor|Sorghum bicolor subsp. bicolor]]
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Inflorescences branches rames, disarticulating at maturity, sometimes tardily; caryopses not exposed at maturity; sessile spikelets 5-8 mm long, lanceolate to elliptic.
|[[#key-0-2| > 2]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Rames readily disarticulating
|[[Sorghum bicolor subsp. arundinaceum|Sorghum bicolor subsp. arundinaceum]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Rames disarticulating tardily
|[[Sorghum bicolor subsp. xdrummondii|Sorghum bicolor subsp. xdrummondii]]
|}
</div></div><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Sorghum bicolor
|author=
|authority=(L.) Moench
|rank=species
|parent rank=genus
|synonyms=Sorghum vulgare
|basionyms=
|family=Poaceae
|distribution=Conn.;N.J.;N.Y.;Wash.;D.C;Wis.;Ont.;Que.;Pacific Islands (Hawaii);Fla.;Wyo.;Puerto Rico;N.Mex.;Mass.;R.I.;La.;Mich.;Nebr.;Nev.;S.Dak.;N.C.;N.Dak.;Tenn.;Pa.;Calif.;Miss.;Va.;Colo.;Md.;Virgin Islands;Ala.;N.H.;Ark.;Vt.;Ill.;Ga.;Ind.;Iowa;Okla.;Ariz.;Idaho;Maine;Mont.;Oreg.;Tex.;Ohio;Utah;Mo.;Minn.;Kans.;Ky.;S.C.
|reference=None
|publication title=
|publication year=
|special status=
|source xml=https://jpend@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation.git/src/f6b125a955440c0872999024f038d74684f65921/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V25/V25_1531.xml
|subfamily=Poaceae subfam. Panicoideae
|tribe=Poaceae tribe Andropogoneae
|genus=Sorghum
|species=Sorghum bicolor
}}<!--

-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Sorghum]]