View source for Eleocharis intermedia

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Eleocharis intermedia
|accepted_authority=Schultes
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Mant.
|place=2: 91. 1824
|year=1824
}}
|common_names=Éléocharide intermédiaire
|basionyms={{Treatment/ID/Basionym
|name=Scirpus intermedius
|authority=Muhlenberg
|publication_title=Descr. Gram.,
|publication_place=31. 1817,
}}
|synonyms={{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Eleocharis intermedia var. habereri
|authority=Fernald
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Eleocharis reclinata
|authority=unknown
}}
|hierarchy=Cyperaceae;Eleocharis;Eleocharis subg. Eleocharis;Eleocharis sect. Eleocharis;Eleocharis (sect. Eleocharis) ser. Tenuissimae;Eleocharis intermedia
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Cyperaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Eleocharis]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>subgenus</small>[[Eleocharis subg. Eleocharis]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>section</small>[[Eleocharis sect. Eleocharis]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>series</small>[[Eleocharis (sect. Eleocharis) ser. Tenuissimae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>species</small>[[Eleocharis intermedia]]</div></div>
|volume=Volume 23
|mention_page=page 69, 97
|treatment_page=page 96
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Plants </b>annual, densely tufted; rhizomes present, inconspicuous, erect or ascending, 0.5 mm thick, internodes less than 2 mm, scales disintegrating, 3 mm, membranous-translucent. <b>Culms</b> often arching or recurved or reclining, their spikelets usually all fruiting simultaneously, long to very short in 1 tuft, subterete, 4–40 cm × 0.2–0.5 mm, soft. <b>Leaves</b>: distal leaf sheaths persistent and evident or disintegrating (fugaceous) and not evident, proximally green or stramineous, brown, reddish, or purple, distally stramineous to green or colorless, papery to membranous, apex subacute to acuminate, sometimes with linear blade to 1 mm. <b>Spikelets</b>: basal spikelets absent (often some spikelets subsessile); never proliferous, ovoid, terete, 2–10 × 1–2 mm, apex acute; proximal scale empty or with a flower (usually in the same plant), deciduous or some persistent, amplexicaulous, similar to other scales (except apex sometimes rounded); subproximal scale with a flower; floral scales spiraled, 5–30, 5–6 per mm of rachilla, pale brown to colorless, often spotted brown, ovate, 1.5–2 × 1 mm, thinly membranous to translucent, midribs often green, evident to obscure, apex acute. <b>Flowers</b>: perianth bristles 6–7, pale brown to stramineous or whitish, slender, equaling to exceeding tubercles or rarely rudimentary to less than 1/2 achene length; spinules sparse, retrorse, sharply acute; stamens 3 (sometimes fewer?); anthers 0.2–0.5 mm; styles 3-fid. <b>Achenes</b> golden brown, narrowly obpyriform, proximally markedly narrowed, compressed-trigonous, angles slightly prominent, 0.9–1 × 0.6–0.75 mm, finely reticulate or pitted or papillose at 20–30X, apex usually constricted proximal to tubercle. <b>Tubercles</b> brown, narrowly pyramidal to linear, trigonous, 0.3–0.4 × 0.1–0.25 mm. <b>2n</b> = 22.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|phenology=Fruiting (spring–)summer–fall.
|habitat=Fresh wet, often marly places along streams, lakeshores, tidal meadows, disturbed areas
|elevation=10–100 m
|distribution=N.B.;Ont.;Que.;Conn.;Ill.;Ind.;Maine;Md.;Mass.;Mich.;Minn.;Mont.;N.H.;N.J.;N.Y.;Ohio;Pa.;Tenn.;Vt.;Va.;W.Va.;Wis.
|discussion=<p>The flowers are mostly cleistogamous, with stigmas and stamens remaining enclosed in the floral scales except sometimes on the shortest culms. We have not seen specimens to confirm literature reports of <i>E. intermedia</i> from Iowa.</p><!--
--><p><i>Eleocharis intermedia</i> perhaps should be placed in sect. Intermediae (Svenson) Zinserling following I. Kukkonen (1990). H. K. Svenson (1929) placed it in his E. ser. Intermediae (name invalid) but later (1937, 1957) placed it in his E. subser. Truncatae (name invalid), and M. S. González-E. and P. M. Peterson (1997) placed it in E. subser. Truncatae. However, <i>E. intermedia</i> differs from all other members of ser. <i>Eleocharis</i> in its annual, tufted habit without evident, creeping rhizomes, culms varying in one tuft from long to very short, often with some spikelets subsessile, all spikelets of a tuft fruiting simultaneously, and the proximal scale often subtending a flower. It was placed in ser. Tenuissimae because of a resemblance to some other species of that series; closer observation reveals that it differs substantially in its achenes or habit from other members of ser. Tenuissimae. It rather closely resembles <i>E. flavescens </i>var.<i> olivacea</i> and <i>E. geniculata</i> in 8a2a. ser. Maculosae as well as small plants of species in 8a2b. ser. Ovatae.</p><!--
--><p><i>Eleocharis</i> macounii Fernald had been treated as a distinct species, or included within <i>E. intermedia</i>, <i>E. obtusa</i>, or <i>E. ovata</i> in the broad sense (including <i>E. obtusa</i>). P. M. Catling and S. G. Hay (1993) presented morphologic evidence suggesting that E. macounii Fernald is a hybrid between <i>E. intermedia</i> and <i>E. obtusa</i>, and named it E. ×macounii (Fernald) P. M. Catling & S. G. Hay. It is known only from the type collection from 1893 and a second collection from 1987, both from along the Gatineau River north of Ottawa in southwestern Quebec. Its habit is very similar to that of <i>E. intermedia</i>, from which it differs mainly in its achenes lenticular to trigonous in the same plant, the two or three angles prominent, keeled, costate, the surface smooth or very finely reticulate or pitted at 30X, and tubercles 0.2–0.5 mm wide. It produces few achenes, whereas <i>E. intermedia</i> and <i>E. obtusa</i> usually produce abundant achenes. In the protologue M. L. Fernald (1899) compared E. macounii with the Eurasian E. carniolica W. D. J. Koch. H. K. Svenson (1929, 1937) compared it with both <i>E. intermedia</i> and the Eurasian E. multicaulis (Smith) Smith and later (1957) placed it in synonymy under <i>E. obtusa</i>. Pending further research, it seems best to treat the two known collections of E. macounii as probable hybrids between <i>E. intermedia</i> and either <i>E. obtusa</i> or <i>E. ovata</i>; all three species are sympatric in the region where the collections of E. macounii were made (P. M. Catling and S. G. Hay 1993; B. M. H. Larson and P. M. Catling 1996).</p>
|tables=
|references=
}}<!--

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-->{{#Taxon:
name=Eleocharis intermedia
|author=
|authority=Schultes
|rank=species
|parent rank=series
|synonyms=Eleocharis intermedia var. habereri;Eleocharis reclinata
|basionyms=Scirpus intermedius
|family=Cyperaceae
|phenology=Fruiting (spring–)summer–fall.
|habitat=Fresh wet, often marly places along streams, lakeshores, tidal meadows, disturbed areas
|elevation=10–100 m
|distribution=N.B.;Ont.;Que.;Conn.;Ill.;Ind.;Maine;Md.;Mass.;Mich.;Minn.;Mont.;N.H.;N.J.;N.Y.;Ohio;Pa.;Tenn.;Vt.;Va.;W.Va.;Wis.
|reference=None
|publication title=Mant.
|publication year=1824
|special status=
|source xml=https://jpend@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation.git/src/f6b125a955440c0872999024f038d74684f65921/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V23/V23_140.xml
|genus=Eleocharis
|subgenus=Eleocharis subg. Eleocharis
|section=Eleocharis sect. Eleocharis
|series=Eleocharis (sect. Eleocharis) ser. Tenuissimae
|species=Eleocharis intermedia
}}<!--

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