View source for Phoenix

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Phoenix
|accepted_authority=Linnaeus
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Sp. Pl.
|place=2: 1188. 1753; Gen. Pl. ed. 5; 496, 1754
|year=1754
}}
|common_names=Date palm;palmier dattier
|basionyms=
|synonyms={{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Dachel
|authority=Adanson
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Elate
|authority=Linnaeus
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Palma
|authority=Miller
}}
|hierarchy=Arecaceae;Arecaceae subfam. Coryphoideae;Arecaceae tribe Phoeniceae;Phoenix
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Arecaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>subfamily</small>[[Arecaceae subfam. Coryphoideae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>tribe</small>[[Arecaceae tribe Phoeniceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Phoenix]]</div></div>
|etymology=derivation uncertain, perhaps for the Phoenicians, known for a dye that was similar in color to ripening dates; name used by Theophrastus for the date palm
|volume=Volume 22
|mention_page=
|treatment_page=page 110
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Stems </b>solitary or clustered, erect or ascending [subterranean], slender to massive, often clothed in old leaf bases. <b>Leaves</b>: sheath fibers soft; petiole not split at base, armed, base not split, not forming crownshaft; blade pinnate; plication induplicate; segments lanceolate, in 1 or more planes; apices acute; basal segments modified into stout spines. <b>Inflorescences</b> axillary within crown of leaves, paniculate, ascending, much shorter than leaves, with 1 order of branching, alike in staminate and pistillate plants; prophyll often caducous, conspicuous, becoming boat-shaped, short; peduncular bracts absent; rachillae glabrous. <b>Staminate</b> flowers borne singly along rachillae; calyx cupulate, 3-lobed; petals 3, free, valvate; stamens 6, free; pistillode inconspicuous or absent. <b>Pistillate</b> flowers borne singly on rachillae; calyx cupulate, 3-lobed; petals 3, imbricate, free; staminodial ring cupulate or deeply 6-lobed; pistils 3 (only 1 developing), distinct; stigmas small. <b>Fruits</b> drupes, berrylike, fleshy; exocarp blackish brown, smooth; mesocarp fleshy or fibrous; endocarp papery. <b>Seeds</b> 1, elongate; endosperm homogeneous; embryo lateral [basal]; eophyll undivided, lanceolate. <b>x</b>n = 18.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=widespread;native to Eastern Hemisphere;including the Canary and Cape Verde iIslands;s Europe;Africa (including Madagascar);s Asia;and Philippines.
|discussion=<p>Several species of <i>Phoenix</i> are cultivated as ornamentals in Florida and California, although identification can be difficult since because the species are dioecious and apparently hybridize with great ease. <i>Phoenix</i> dactylifera Linnaeus, the date palm, is grown as a commercial crop in southern California and Arizona and as an ornamental palm in Florida, but it seems noninvasive. It can be recognized by its massive trunk (eventually bearing basal offshoots) and its stiff, ascending, glaucous leaves. In Florida, P. roebelenii O'Brien (pygmy date palm), with its solitary trunk less than 15 cm in diam., is also cultivated as an ornamental although it does not seem to escape. Other species of <i>Phoenix</i> are occasionally cultivated in warm parts of the United States. Elements of cultivated species of <i>Phoenix</i> entering the flora may be of uncertain parentage.</p><!--
--><p>Two species, <i>Phoenix canariensis</i> and <i>P. reclinata</i>, have escaped and are sporadically naturalized in southern Florida and, to a much lesser extent, in California. <i>Phoenix</i> dactylifera is reportedly naturalized in California (E. McClintock 1993), but I have seen no specimens.</p><!--
--><p>Species 137 (2 in the flora).</p>
|tables=
|references={{Treatment/Reference
|id=austin1978c
|text=Austin, D. F. 1978. Exotic plants and their effects in southeastern Florida. Environm. Conservation 5: 25--34.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=barrow1998a
|text=Barrow, S. C. 1998. A monograph of Phoenix L. (Palmae: Coryphoideae). Kew Bull. 53: 513--545.
}}
}}<!--

--><div class="treatment-key">
==Key==
<div class="treatment-key-group">
  
{| class="wikitable fna-keytable"
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Trunk solitary, 55–70 cm diam
|[[Phoenix canariensis|Phoenix canariensis]]
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Trunks multiple, 10–15 cm diam
|[[Phoenix reclinata|Phoenix reclinata]]
|}
</div></div><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Phoenix
|author=
|authority=Linnaeus
|rank=genus
|parent rank=tribe
|synonyms=Dachel;Elate;Palma
|basionyms=
|family=Arecaceae
|distribution=widespread;native to Eastern Hemisphere;including the Canary and Cape Verde iIslands;s Europe;Africa (including Madagascar);s Asia;and Philippines.
|introduced=true
|reference=austin1978c;barrow1998a
|publication title=Sp. Pl.
|publication year=1754
|special status=
|source xml=https://jpend@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation.git/src/f6b125a955440c0872999024f038d74684f65921/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V22/V22_82.xml
|subfamily=Arecaceae subfam. Coryphoideae
|tribe=Arecaceae tribe Phoeniceae
|genus=Phoenix
}}<!--

-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Arecaceae tribe Phoeniceae]]