View source for Eriophyllum

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Eriophyllum
|accepted_authority=Lagasca
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Gen. Sp. Pl.,
|place=28. 1816
|year=1816
}}
|common_names=Woolly sunflower
|basionyms=
|synonyms=
|hierarchy=Asteraceae;Asteraceae tribe Heliantheae;Asteraceae (tribe Heliantheae) subtribe Baeriinae;Eriophyllum
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Asteraceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>tribe</small>[[Asteraceae tribe Heliantheae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>subtribe</small>[[Asteraceae (tribe Heliantheae) subtribe Baeriinae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Eriophyllum]]</div></div>
|etymology=Greek erion, wool, and phyllon, leaf
|volume=Volume 21
|mention_page=page 255, 335, 336, 352, 354, 363, 380
|treatment_page=page 353
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Annuals,</b> perennials, subshrubs, or shrubs, 1–200 cm. <b>Stems</b> erect or decumbent, usually branched (proximally, distally, or ± throughout). <b>Leaves</b> mostly cauline; mostly alternate (proximal sometimes opposite); petiolate or sessile; blades usually 1–2(–3)-pinnately lobed, ultimate margins toothed, serrate, or entire, faces usually densely to sparsely woolly (abaxial or both, adaxial sometimes glabrescent). <b>Heads</b> radiate or discoid, borne singly or in loose to tight, corymbiform or compound-corymbiform arrays. <b>Involucres</b> campanulate to hemispheric, 3–12+ mm diam. <b>Phyllaries</b> persistent, 4–13(–15) in 1+ series (± erect in fruit, distinct or basally connate, lanceolate to oblanceolate, herbaceous or indurate, slightly to deeply concave, usually carinate, margins sometimes scarious, abaxial faces densely to sparsely woolly). <b>Receptacles</b> flat or convex to conic, smooth or pitted, glabrous, usually epaleate (with 1–6 hyaline paleae in <i>E. ambiguum</i>, obscurely setose in <i>E. mohavense</i>). <b>Ray</b> florets 0, or 4–13(–15), pistillate, fertile; corollas yellow or white (sometimes with reddish veins in <i>E. lanosum</i>). <b>Disc</b> florets (3–)10–300, bisexual, fertile; corollas yellow, tubes shorter than or about equaling funnelform throats, lobes 5, deltate. <b>Cypselae</b> linear-clavate to prismatic, flattened or 3-angled in rays, 4(–5)-angled in discs, hairy or glabrous; pappi 0, or persistent, of 6–12+ (distinct) erose to laciniate or aristate scales (in 1–2 similar or contrasting series), or ± coroniform. <b>x</b> = 8.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=w North America;nw Mexico.
|discussion=<p>Species 13 (13 in the flora).</p><!--
--><p><i>Eriophyllum</i> encompasses taxa that occur in seashore, chaparral, grassland, desert, forest, and alpine communities. Their disparateness encouraged taxonomic multiplication. Between 1890 and 1937, about 157 designations under the genus existed (L. Constance 1937). Constance reduced that taxonomic thicket to six annual and five perennial species; the perennial species <i>E. lanatum</i> consisted of ten varieties. Base diploid chromosome numbers for <i>Eriophyllum</i> (in the sense of Constance) species are x = 4, 5, and 7 for the annuals, and x = 8, 15, and 19 for the perennials (S. Carlquist 1956; J. S. Mooring 1997, 2001, 2002). Possibly, x = 15 and x = 19 represent paleopolyploidy. Only <i>E. mohavense</i> remains uncounted. B. G. Baldwin (1999) linked Mooring’s (1997) report of n = 19 in E. nevinii to chromosomal, morphologic, and rDNA evidence, and erected the genus <i>Constancea</i> on that species. <i>Eriophyllum</i> (in the sense of Constance) seems most closely related to the annuals <i>Pseudobahia</i> (x = 3, 4, 8) and <i>Syntrichopappus</i> (x = 6, 7). <i>Eriophyllum</i> (in the sense of Baldwin), <i>Pseudobahia</i>, and <i>Syntrichopappus</i> constitute a clade, and nomenclatural changes are necessary for a monophyletic classification (Baldwin and B. L. Wessa 2000; Baldwin et al. 2002). Mooring (1997) hypothesized a descending dysploidy phylogeny in <i>Eriophyllum</i> (in the sense of Constance) from E. nevinii. Baldwin et al. (2002, p. 174) stated that E. nevinii “is an evolutionary outlier (although probably not ancestral) to” <i>Eriophyllum</i> in the sense of Constance.</p><!--
--><p>Natural intertaxon hybrids have been reported for the perennial species (L. Constance 1937; J. S. Mooring 1994) but not for the annuals. Experimental hybridizations have produced sterile hybrids between the annual <i>E. congdonii</i> and the perennial <i>E. lanatum</i>. Experimental crosses among seven of the annual species produced fertile hybrids between two morphologically similar species; the other combinations either failed or produced sterile hybrids (Mooring 2002).</p><!--
--><p>D. P. Tibor (2001) cited nine taxa of <i>Eriophyllum</i> as rare or endangered: the perennials <i>E. confertiflorum </i>var.<i> tanacetiflorum</i>, <i>E. jepsonii</i>, <i>E. latilobum</i>, E. (<i>Constancea</i>) nevinii, and <i>E. lanatum</i> vars. hallii and obovatum, and the annuals <i>E. congdonii</i>, <i>E. mohavense</i>, and <i>E. nubigenum</i>.</p><!--
--><p>Here, accounts of the annuals are by D. E. Johnson, the perennials by J. S. Mooring.</p>
|tables=
|references={{Treatment/Reference
|id=constance1937a
|text=Constance, L. 1937. A systematic study of the genus Eriophyllum Lag. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 18: 69–136.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=mooring1997a
|text=Mooring, J. S. 1997. A new base chromosome number and phylogeny for Eriophyllum (Asteraceae, Helenieae). Madroño 44: 364–373.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=mooring2002a
|text=Mooring, J. S. 2002. Experimental hybridizations of Eriophyllum annuals (Asteraceae, Helenieae). Amer. J. Bot. 89: 1973–1983.
}}
}}<!--

--><div class="treatment-key">
==Key==
<div class="treatment-key-group">
  
{| class="wikitable fna-keytable"
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Perennials (sometimes flowering in first year), subshrubs, or shrubs, (10–)20–150 cm
|[[#key-0-2| > 2]]
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Annuals, 1–15(–30) cm
|[[#key-0-6| > 6]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Perennials or subshrubs; heads borne singly or 2–5(–10) per array; peduncles (2–)3–30 cm; ray laminae 6–20 mm
|[[#key-0-3| > 3]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Subshrubs or shrubs; heads 2–30+, or 40–80+, per array; peduncles 0–10(–14) cm; ray laminae 2–10 mm
|[[#key-0-4| > 4]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Peduncles 3–30 cm; involucres 6–15 mm diam.; ray florets 0, or 5–13(–15), lami-nae 6–20 mm; disc florets 20–300; British Columbia, w United States
|[[Eriophyllum lanatum|Eriophyllum lanatum]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Peduncles 2–7 cm; involucres 5–6(–7) mm diam.; ray florets (6–)8–10(–13), lami-nae 6–10 mm; disc florets 40–75; California
|[[Eriophyllum latilobum|Eriophyllum latilobum]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Subshrubs, 30–150 cm; phyllaries 8–11; ray florets 0, or 6–9, laminae 3–5 mm; coastal dunes and bluffs
|[[Eriophyllum staechadifolium|Eriophyllum staechadifolium]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Shrubs, 20–100 cm; phyllaries 4–8; ray florets 0, or 4–8, laminae 2–10 mm; mostly not coastal
|[[#key-0-5| > 5]]
|-id=key-0-5
|5
|Heads 2–4 per array; peduncles mostly 5–10(–14) cm; ray florets 6–8, laminae 6–10 mm; California (Inner Coast Ranges)
|[[Eriophyllum jepsonii|Eriophyllum jepsonii]]
|-id=key-0-5
|5
|Heads (3–)4–7(–10) or 10–30+ per array; peduncles mostly 0–2.5(–9) cm; ray florets 0 or 4–6(–8), laminae 2–5 mm; California, Mexico
|[[Eriophyllum confertiflorum|Eriophyllum confertiflorum]]
|-id=key-0-6
|6
|Peduncles ± 0.1 cm
|[[#key-0-7| > 7]]
|-id=key-0-6
|6
|Peduncles 1–10 cm
|[[#key-0-9| > 9]]
|-id=key-0-7
|7
|Ray florets 5–7
|[[Eriophyllum multicaule|Eriophyllum multicaule]]
|-id=key-0-7
|7
|Ray florets 0
|[[#key-0-8| > 8]]
|-id=key-0-8
|8
|Leaf margins weakly, if at all, revolute, apices acute; phyllaries 3–4
|[[Eriophyllum mohavense|Eriophyllum mohavense]]
|-id=key-0-8
|8
|Leaf margins strongly revolute, apices ± rounded; phyllaries 6–8
|[[Eriophyllum pringlei|Eriophyllum pringlei]]
|-id=key-0-9
|9
|Ray laminae cream or yellow, or white with red veins (lobes of disc corollas glandular; anther appendages subulate)
|[[#key-0-10| > 10]]
|-id=key-0-9
|9
|Ray laminae yellow (lobes of disc corollas not glandular; anther appendages deltate)
|[[#key-0-11| > 11]]
|-id=key-0-10
|10
|Ray laminae white with red veins; cypselae 2.5–4.5 mm; pappi of 5 subulate scales 1.5–2.5 mm plus 4 oblong scales ± 0.5 mm
|[[Eriophyllum lanosum|Eriophyllum lanosum]]
|-id=key-0-10
|10
|Ray laminae usually cream or yellow, sometimes white with red veins; cypselae ± 2 mm; pappi usually of 6–10 ± oblong scales 0.4–0.8 mm, rarely 0
|[[Eriophyllum wallacei|Eriophyllum wallacei]]
|-id=key-0-11
|11
|Anther appendages not glandular; pappi 0, or of 6–10 scales 0.1–0.5 mm
|[[Eriophyllum ambiguum|Eriophyllum ambiguum]]
|-id=key-0-11
|11
|Anther appendages glandular; pappi of 8–10 lanceolate to spatulate (± unequal) scales 0.5–1.5 mm, or of 3–5 ± spatulate scales 0.5–1 mm plus 3–5 lanceolate scales 1.5–2 mm.
|[[#key-0-12| > 12]]
|-id=key-0-12
|12
|Stems ascending; ray laminae ± 1 mm (inconspicuous); 1800–2500 m
|[[Eriophyllum nubigenum|Eriophyllum nubigenum]]
|-id=key-0-12
|12
|Stems ± spreading; ray laminae 3–5 mm; 500–1900 m
|[[Eriophyllum congdonii|Eriophyllum congdonii]]
|}
</div></div><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Eriophyllum
|author=Dale E. Johnson;John S. Mooring
|authority=Lagasca
|rank=genus
|parent rank=subtribe
|synonyms=
|basionyms=
|family=Asteraceae
|distribution=w North America;nw Mexico.
|reference=constance1937a;mooring1997a;mooring2002a
|publication title=Gen. Sp. Pl.,
|publication year=1816
|special status=
|source xml=https://jpend@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation.git/src/f6b125a955440c0872999024f038d74684f65921/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V19-20-21/V21_884.xml
|tribe=Asteraceae tribe Heliantheae
|subtribe=Asteraceae (tribe Heliantheae) subtribe Baeriinae
|genus=Eriophyllum
}}<!--

-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Asteraceae (tribe Heliantheae) subtribe Baeriinae]]