View source for Helianthus annuus

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Helianthus annuus
|accepted_authority=Linnaeus
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Sp. Pl.
|place=2: 904. 1753
|year=1753
}}
|common_names=Common sunflower
|basionyms=
|synonyms={{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Helianthus annuus subsp. jaegeri
|authority=(Heiser) Heiser
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Helianthus annuus subsp. lenticularis
|authority=(Douglas ex Lindley) Cockerell
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Helianthus annuus var. lenticularis
|authority=(Douglas ex Lindley) Steyermark
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Helianthus annuus var. macrocarpus
|authority=(de Candolle) Cockerell
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Helianthus annuus subsp. texanus
|authority=Heiser
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Helianthus aridus
|authority=unknown
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Helianthus jaegeri
|authority=unknown
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Helianthus lenticularis
|authority=unknown
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Helianthus macrocarpus
|authority=unknown
}}
|hierarchy=Asteraceae;Asteraceae tribe Heliantheae;Asteraceae (tribe Heliantheae) subtribe Helianthinae;Helianthus;Helianthus annuus
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Asteraceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>tribe</small>[[Asteraceae tribe Heliantheae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>subtribe</small>[[Asteraceae (tribe Heliantheae) subtribe Helianthinae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Helianthus]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>species</small>[[Helianthus annuus]]</div></div>
|volume=Volume 21
|mention_page=page 142, 145, 150, 153, 154, 1
|treatment_page=page 149
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Annuals,</b> 100–300 cm. <b>Stems</b> erect, usually hispid. <b>Leaves</b> mostly cauline; mostly alternate; petioles 2–20 cm; blades lance-ovate to ovate, 10–40 × 5–40 cm, bases cuneate to subcordate or cordate, margins serrate, abaxial faces usually ± hispid, sometimes gland-dotted. <b>Heads</b> 1–9. <b>Peduncles</b> 2–20 cm. <b>Involucres</b> hemispheric or broader, 15–40(–200+) mm diam. <b>Phyllaries</b> 20–30(–100+), ovate to lance-ovate, 13–25 × (3–)5–8 mm, (margins usually ciliate) apices abruptly narrowed, long-acuminate, abaxial faces usually hirsute to hispid, rarely glabrate or glabrous, usually gland-dotted. <b>Paleae</b> 9–11 mm, 3-toothed (middle teeth long-acuminate, glabrous or hispid). <b>Ray</b> florets (13–)17–30(–100+); laminae 25–50 mm. <b>Disc</b> florets 150+(–1000+); corollas 5–8 mm (throats ± bulbous at bases), lobes usually reddish, sometimes yellow; anthers brownish to black, appendages yellow or dark (style branches yellow). <b>Cypselae</b> (3–)4–5(–15) mm, glabrate; pappi of 2 lanceolate scales 2–3.5 mm plus 0–4 obtuse scales 0.5–1 mm. <b>2n</b> = 34.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|phenology=Flowering summer–fall.
|habitat=Open areas
|elevation=0–3000 m
|distribution=St. Pierre and Miquelon;Alta.;B.C.;Man.;N.B.;N.W.T.;N.S.;Ont.;P.E.I.;Que.;Sask.;Ala.;Ariz.;Ark.;Calif.;Colo.;Conn.;Del.;D.C.;Fla.;Ga.;Idaho;Ill.;Ind.;Iowa;Kans.;Ky.;La.;Maine;Md.;Mass.;Mich.;Minn.;Miss.;Mo.;Mont.;Nebr.;Nev.;N.H.;N.J.;N.Mex.;N.Y.;N.C.;N.Dak.;Ohio;Okla.;Oreg.;Pa.;R.I.;S.C.;S.Dak.;Tenn.;Tex.;Utah;Vt.;Va.;Wash.;W.Va.;Wis.;Wyo.;Mexico;intoduced nearly worldwide.
|discussion=<p><i>Helianthus annuus</i> is widely distributed, including weedy, cultivated, and escaped plants. It is the only native North American species to become a major agronomic crop. Despite its considerable variability, attempts have failed to produce a widely adopted infraspecific system of classification. Forms with red-colored ray laminae, known from cultivation and occasionally seen escaped, trace their ancestry to a single original mutant plant. It hybridizes with many of the other annual species.</p>
|tables=
|references=
}}<!--

--><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Helianthus annuus
|author=
|authority=Linnaeus
|rank=species
|parent rank=genus
|synonyms=Helianthus annuus subsp. jaegeri;Helianthus annuus subsp. lenticularis;Helianthus annuus var. lenticularis;Helianthus annuus var. macrocarpus;Helianthus annuus subsp. texanus;Helianthus aridus;Helianthus jaegeri;Helianthus lenticularis;Helianthus macrocarpus
|basionyms=
|family=Asteraceae
|phenology=Flowering summer–fall.
|habitat=Open areas
|elevation=0–3000 m
|distribution=St. Pierre and Miquelon;Alta.;B.C.;Man.;N.B.;N.W.T.;N.S.;Ont.;P.E.I.;Que.;Sask.;Ala.;Ariz.;Ark.;Calif.;Colo.;Conn.;Del.;D.C.;Fla.;Ga.;Idaho;Ill.;Ind.;Iowa;Kans.;Ky.;La.;Maine;Md.;Mass.;Mich.;Minn.;Miss.;Mo.;Mont.;Nebr.;Nev.;N.H.;N.J.;N.Mex.;N.Y.;N.C.;N.Dak.;Ohio;Okla.;Oreg.;Pa.;R.I.;S.C.;S.Dak.;Tenn.;Tex.;Utah;Vt.;Va.;Wash.;W.Va.;Wis.;Wyo.;Mexico;intoduced nearly worldwide.
|reference=None
|publication title=Sp. Pl.
|publication year=1753
|special status=
|source xml=https://jpend@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation.git/src/f6b125a955440c0872999024f038d74684f65921/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V19-20-21/V21_345.xml
|tribe=Asteraceae tribe Heliantheae
|subtribe=Asteraceae (tribe Heliantheae) subtribe Helianthinae
|genus=Helianthus
|species=Helianthus annuus
}}<!--

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