View source for Xanthium strumarium

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Xanthium strumarium
|accepted_authority=Linnaeus
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Sp. Pl.
|place=2: 987. 1753
|year=1753
}}
|common_names=Cocklebur;lampourde glouteron
|basionyms=
|synonyms={{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Xanthium americanum
|authority=Walter
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Xanthium chasei
|authority=Fernald
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Xanthium chinense
|authority=Miller
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Xanthium curvescens
|authority=Millspaugh & Sherff
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Xanthium cylindricum
|authority=Millspaugh & Fernald
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Xanthium echinatum
|authority=Murray
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Xanthium echinellum
|authority=Greene ex Rydberg
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Xanthium globosum
|authority=C. Schull
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Xanthium inflexum
|authority=Mackenzie & Bush
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Xanthium italicum
|authority=Moretti
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Xanthium orientale
|authority=Linnaeus
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Xanthium oviforme
|authority=Wallroth
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Xanthium pensylvanicum
|authority=Wallroth
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Xanthium speciosum
|authority=Kearney
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Xanthium strumarium var. canadense
|authority=(Miller) Torrey & A. Gray
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Xanthium strumarium var. glabratum
|authority=(de Candolle) Cronquist
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Xanthium varians
|authority=unknown
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Xanthium wootonii
|authority=unknown
}}
|hierarchy=Asteraceae;Asteraceae tribe Heliantheae;Asteraceae (tribe Heliantheae) subtribe Ambrosiinae;Xanthium;Xanthium strumarium
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Asteraceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>tribe</small>[[Asteraceae tribe Heliantheae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>subtribe</small>[[Asteraceae (tribe Heliantheae) subtribe Ambrosiinae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Xanthium]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>species</small>[[Xanthium strumarium]]</div></div>
|volume=Volume 21
|mention_page=
|treatment_page=page 19
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Plants </b>10–80(–200) cm; nodal spines 0. <b>Leaves</b>: petioles 20–100(–140+) mm; blades suborbiculate to ± pentagonal or deltate, 4–12(–18+) × 3–10(–18+) cm, sometimes palmately 3–5-lobed, abaxial faces green, hirtellous. <b>Burs</b> 10–30+ mm. <b>2n</b> = 36.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|phenology=Flowering Jul–Oct.
|habitat=Damp or seasonally wet, often alkaline, soils, waste places, margins of agriculture
|elevation=10–2000 m
|distribution=Alta.;B.C.;Man.;N.B.;N.S.;Ont.;P.E.I.;Que.;Sask.;Ala.;Alaska;Ariz.;Ark.;Calif.;Colo.;Conn.;Del.;D.C.;Fla.;Ga.;Idaho;Ill.;Ind.;Iowa;Kans.;Ky.;La.;Maine;Md.;Mass.;Mich.;Minn.;Miss.;Mo.;Mont.;Nebr.;Nev.;N.H.;N.J.;N.Mex.;N.Y.;N.C.;N.Dak.;Ohio;Okla.;Oreg.;Pa.;R.I.;S.C.;S.Dak.;Tenn.;Tex.;Utah;Vt.;Va.;Wash.;W.Va.;Wis.;Wyo.;Mexico;Central America;South America;widely introduced in Old World.
|discussion=<p>Recognition of a dozen or more taxa (treated as species, subspecies, varieties, and/or forms) has been proposed for plants treated together here as <i>Xanthium strumarium</i>. Bases for the various taxa mostly involved subtle differences in the burs.</p>
|tables=
|references=
}}<!--

--><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Xanthium strumarium
|author=
|authority=Linnaeus
|rank=species
|parent rank=genus
|synonyms=Xanthium americanum;Xanthium chasei;Xanthium chinense;Xanthium curvescens;Xanthium cylindricum;Xanthium echinatum;Xanthium echinellum;Xanthium globosum;Xanthium inflexum;Xanthium italicum;Xanthium orientale;Xanthium oviforme;Xanthium pensylvanicum;Xanthium speciosum;Xanthium strumarium var. canadense;Xanthium strumarium var. glabratum;Xanthium varians;Xanthium wootonii
|basionyms=
|family=Asteraceae
|phenology=Flowering Jul–Oct.
|habitat=Damp or seasonally wet, often alkaline, soils, waste places, margins of agriculture
|elevation=10–2000 m
|distribution=Alta.;B.C.;Man.;N.B.;N.S.;Ont.;P.E.I.;Que.;Sask.;Ala.;Alaska;Ariz.;Ark.;Calif.;Colo.;Conn.;Del.;D.C.;Fla.;Ga.;Idaho;Ill.;Ind.;Iowa;Kans.;Ky.;La.;Maine;Md.;Mass.;Mich.;Minn.;Miss.;Mo.;Mont.;Nebr.;Nev.;N.H.;N.J.;N.Mex.;N.Y.;N.C.;N.Dak.;Ohio;Okla.;Oreg.;Pa.;R.I.;S.C.;S.Dak.;Tenn.;Tex.;Utah;Vt.;Va.;Wash.;W.Va.;Wis.;Wyo.;Mexico;Central America;South America;widely introduced in Old World.
|reference=None
|publication title=Sp. Pl.
|publication year=1753
|special status=
|source xml=https://jpend@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation.git/src/f6b125a955440c0872999024f038d74684f65921/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V19-20-21/V21_27.xml
|tribe=Asteraceae tribe Heliantheae
|subtribe=Asteraceae (tribe Heliantheae) subtribe Ambrosiinae
|genus=Xanthium
|species=Xanthium strumarium
}}<!--

-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Xanthium]]