View source for Cirsium arvense

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Cirsium arvense
|accepted_authority=(Linnaeus) Scopoli
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Fl. Carniol. ed.
|place=2, 2: 126. 1772
|year=1772
}}
|common_names=Canada or creeping or field thistle;chardon du Canada ou des champs;cirse des champs
|basionyms={{Treatment/ID/Basionym
|name=Serratula arvensis
|authority=Linnaeus
|publication_title=Sp. Pl.
|publication_place=2: 820. 1753
}}
|synonyms={{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Breea arvensis
|authority=(Linnaeus) Lessing
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Carduus arvensis
|authority=(Linnaeus) Robson
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Cirsium arvense var. argenteum
|authority=(Peyer ex Vest) Fiori
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Cirsium arvense var. horridum
|authority=Wimmer & Grabowski
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Cirsium arvense var. integrifolium
|authority=Wimmer & Grabowski
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Cirsium arvense var. mite
|authority=Wimmer & Grabowski
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Cirsium arvense var. vestitum
|authority=Wimmer & Grabowski
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Cirsium incanum
|authority=unknown
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Cirsium setosum
|authority=unknown
}}
|hierarchy=Asteraceae;Asteraceae tribe Cardueae;Cirsium;Cirsium arvense
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Asteraceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>tribe</small>[[Asteraceae tribe Cardueae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Cirsium]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>species</small>[[Cirsium arvense]]</div></div>
|volume=Volume 19
|mention_page=page 95, 96, 97, 102, 110
|treatment_page=page 109
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Perennials,</b> dioecious or nearly so, 30–120(–200) cm; colonial from deep-seated creeping roots producing adventitious buds. <b>Stems</b> 1–many, erect, glabrous to appressed gray-tomentose; branches 0–many, ascending. <b>Leaves</b>: blades oblong to elliptic, 3–30 × 1–6 cm, margins plane to revolute, entire and spinulose, dentate, or shallowly to deeply pinnatifid, lobes well separated, lance-oblong to triangular-ovate, spinulose to few-toothed or few-lobed near base, main spines 1–7 mm, abaxial faces glabrous to densely gray-tomentose, adaxial green, glabrous to thinly tomentose; basal absent at flowering, petioles narrowly winged, bases tapered; principal larger cauline proximally winged-petiolate, distally sessile, well distributed, gradually reduced, not decurrent; distal cauline becoming bractlike, entire, toothed, or lobed, spinulose or not. <b>Heads</b> 1–many, borne singly or in corymbiform or paniculiform arrays at tips of main stem and branches. <b>Peduncles</b> 0.2–7 cm. <b>Involucres</b> ovoid in flower, ± campanulate in fruit, 1–2 × 1–2 cm, arachnoid tomentose, ± glabrate. <b>Phyllaries</b> in 6–8 series, strongly imbricate, (usually purple-tinged), ovate (outer) to linear (inner), abaxial faces with narrow glutinous ridge, outer and middle appressed, entire, apices ascending to spreading, spines 0–1 mm (fine); apices of inner phyllaries flat, ± flexuous, margins entire to minutely erose or ciliolate. <b>Corollas</b> purple (white or pink); staminate 12–18 mm, (remaining longer than pappus when head is fully mature), tubes 8–11 mm, throats 1–1.5 mm, lobes 3–5 mm; pistillate 14–20 mm, (overtopped by pappi in fruit), tubes 10–15 mm, throats ca. 1 mm, lobes 2–3 mm; style tips 1–2 mm. <b>Cypselae</b> brown, 2–4 mm, apical collar not differentiated; pappi 13–32 mm, exceeding corollas. <b>2n</b> = 34.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|phenology=Flowering summer (Jun–Oct).
|habitat=Disturbed sites, fields, pastures, roadsides, forest openings
|elevation=0–2600 m
|distribution=Greenland;St. Pierre and Miquelon;Alta.;B.C.;Man.;N.B.;Nfld. and Labr. (Nfld.);N.W.T.;N.S.;Ont.;P.E.I.;Que.;Sask.;Yukon;Ala.;Alaska;Ariz.;Ark.;Calif.;Colo.;Conn.;Del.;D.C.;Idaho;Ill.;Ind.;Iowa;Kans.;Ky.;Maine;Md.;Mass.;Mich.;Minn.;Mo.;Mont.;Nebr.;Nev.;N.H.;N.J.;N.Mex.;N.Y.;N.C.;N.Dak.;Ohio;Oreg.;Pa.;R.I.;S.Dak.;Tenn.;Tex.;Utah;Vt.;Va.;Wash.;W.Va.;Wis.;Wyo.;native;Eurasia.
|discussion=<p><i>Cirsium arvense</i> is one of the most economically important agricultural weeds in the world. It was introduced to North America in the 1600s and soon was recognized as a problem weed. Weed control legislation against the species was passed by the Vermont legislature in 1795 (R. J. Moore 1975). Canada thistle is now listed as a noxious weed in most areas where it occurs. It has very high seed production, and the runner roots readily survive the fragmentation that accompanies cultivation.</p><!--
--><p>Numerous variants of <i>Cirsium arvense</i> have been named based upon such features as pubescence, extent of leaf division, and spininess. Although extreme variants can be strikingly different, they are connected by such a web of intermediates that there seems to be little value in according any of them formal taxonomic recognition.</p>
|tables=
|references={{Treatment/Reference
|id=moore1975a
|text=Moore, R. J. 1975. The biology of Canadian weeds. 13. Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop. Canad. J. Bot. 55: 1033–1048.
}}
}}<!--

--><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Cirsium arvense
|author=
|authority=(Linnaeus) Scopoli
|rank=species
|parent rank=genus
|synonyms=Breea arvensis;Carduus arvensis;Cirsium arvense var. argenteum;Cirsium arvense var. horridum;Cirsium arvense var. integrifolium;Cirsium arvense var. mite;Cirsium arvense var. vestitum;Cirsium incanum;Cirsium setosum
|basionyms=Serratula arvensis
|family=Asteraceae
|phenology=Flowering summer (Jun–Oct).
|habitat=Disturbed sites, fields, pastures, roadsides, forest openings
|elevation=0–2600 m
|distribution=Greenland;St. Pierre and Miquelon;Alta.;B.C.;Man.;N.B.;Nfld. and Labr. (Nfld.);N.W.T.;N.S.;Ont.;P.E.I.;Que.;Sask.;Yukon;Ala.;Alaska;Ariz.;Ark.;Calif.;Colo.;Conn.;Del.;D.C.;Idaho;Ill.;Ind.;Iowa;Kans.;Ky.;Maine;Md.;Mass.;Mich.;Minn.;Mo.;Mont.;Nebr.;Nev.;N.H.;N.J.;N.Mex.;N.Y.;N.C.;N.Dak.;Ohio;Oreg.;Pa.;R.I.;S.Dak.;Tenn.;Tex.;Utah;Vt.;Va.;Wash.;W.Va.;Wis.;Wyo.;native;Eurasia.
|introduced=true
|reference=moore1975a
|publication title=Fl. Carniol. ed.
|publication year=1772
|special status=
|source xml=https://jpend@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation.git/src/f6b125a955440c0872999024f038d74684f65921/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V19-20-21/V19_53.xml
|tribe=Asteraceae tribe Cardueae
|genus=Cirsium
|species=Cirsium arvense
}}<!--

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