View source for Carduus

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Carduus
|accepted_authority=Linnaeus
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Sp. Pl.
|place=2: 820. 1753
|year=1753
}}, {{Treatment/Publication
|title=Gen. Pl. ed.
|place=5, 358. 1754
|year=1754
}}
|common_names=Plumeless thistle;chardon
|basionyms=
|synonyms=
|hierarchy=Asteraceae;Asteraceae tribe Cardueae;Carduus
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Asteraceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>tribe</small>[[Asteraceae tribe Cardueae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Carduus]]</div></div>
|etymology=From ancient name of thistlelike plant
|volume=Volume 19
|mention_page=page 57, 66, 83, 96, 97, 122
|treatment_page=page 91
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Annuals </b>or biennials [perennials], 30–200(–400) cm, spiny, ± tomentose, sometimes glabrate. <b>Stems</b> erect, simple to much branched, (spiny-winged). <b>Leaves</b> basal and cauline; petiolate or sessile; blade margins spiny dentate, often 1–2-pinnately lobed, faces glabrous or hairy, eglandular. <b>Heads</b> discoid, borne singly or 2–20 in dense clusters or corymbiform arrays. (Peduncles naked or leafy-bracteate, spiny-winged or not winged.) Involucres cylindric to spheric. <b>Phyllaries</b> many in 7–10+ series, linear to broadly ovate, bases appressed, margins entire, apices ascending to spreading or reflexed, acute, spine-tipped. <b>Receptacles</b> flat, epaleate, bearing setiform scales (“flattened bristles”). <b>Florets</b> several–many; corollas white to pink or purple, ± bilateral, tubes long, slender, throats short, campanulate, abruptly expanded from tubes, lobes linear; anther bases sharply short-tailed, apical appendages oblong; style branches: fused portions with slightly, minutely puberulent, swollen basal nodes, distally papillate or glabrous, distinct portions very short. <b>Cypselae</b> ovoid, slightly compressed, faces smooth, glabrous, attachment scars slightly lateral; pappi persistent or falling in rings, of many minutely barbed, basally connate bristles or setiform, minutely barbed scales (“minutely flattened bristles”). <b>x</b> = 8, 9, 10, 11, 13.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=Eurasia;Africa.
|discussion=<p>Species ca. 90 (5 in the flora).</p>
|tables=
|references={{Treatment/Reference
|id=batra1981a
|text=Batra, S. W. T., J. R. Coulson, P. H. Dunn, and P. E. Boldt. 1981. Insects and Fungi Associated with Carduus Thistles (Compositae). Washington. [U.S.D.A. Techn. Bull. 1616.]
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=desrochers1988a
|text=Desrochers, A. M., J. F. Bain, and S. I. Warwick. 1988b. The biology of Canadian weeds. 89. Carduus nutans L. and Carduus acanthoides L. Canad. J. Plant Sci. 68: 1053–1068.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=desrochers1988b
|text=Desrochers, A. M. , J. F. Bain, and S. I. Warwick. 1988. A biosystematic study of the Carduus nutans complex in Canada. Canad. J. Bot. 66: 1621–1631.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=franco1976a
|text=Franco, J. do A. 1976. Carduus. In: T. G. Tutin et al., eds. 1964–1980. Flora Europaea. 5 vols. Cambridge. Vol. 4, pp. 220–232.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=kazmi1964a
|text=Kazmi, S. M. A. 1964. Revision der Gattung Carduus (Compositae). Teil II. Mitt. Bot. Staatssaml. München 5: 279–550.
}}
}}<!--

--><div class="treatment-key">
==Key==
<div class="treatment-key-group">
  
{| class="wikitable fna-keytable"
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Phyllary appendages 2–7 mm wide, usually wider than appressed bases; peduncles often elongate, distally wingless; heads often nodding, usually borne singly or in leafy corymbiform arrays; involucres 20–70 mm diam
|[[Carduus nutans|Carduus nutans]]
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Phyllary appendages 0.5–1.5 mm wide, usually narrower than appressed bases; peduncles short, if present, usually winged throughout or wingless only near tip; heads erect, 1–many, often clustered at branch tips; involucres 7–30 mm diam
|[[#key-0-2| > 2]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Involucres spheric or hemispheric
|[[#key-0-3| > 3]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Involucres cylindric or narrowly ellipsoid
|[[#key-0-4| > 4]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Corollas 13–20 mm; heads 18–25 mm; involucres 14–20 mm; abaxial leaf faces glabrate except for long, curled, septate hairs along veins
|[[Carduus acanthoides|Carduus acanthoides]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Corollas 11–16 mm; heads 15–18 mm; involucres 12–17 mm; abaxial leaf faces sparsely to densely tomentose with fine, nonseptate hairs and often with curled, septate hairs along veins as well
|[[Carduus crispus|Carduus crispus]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Heads 1–5 at ends of branches; phyllaries not scarious-margined, ± persistently tomentose, distally scabrous on margins and faces
|[[Carduus pycnocephalus|Carduus pycnocephalus]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Heads 5–20 at ends of branches; phyllaries scarious-margined, glabrous or spar- ingly tomentose, distally ciliolate or glabrous
|[[Carduus tenuiflorus|Carduus tenuiflorus]]
|}
</div></div><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Carduus
|author=David J. Keil
|authority=Linnaeus
|rank=genus
|parent rank=tribe
|synonyms=
|basionyms=
|family=Asteraceae
|distribution=Eurasia;Africa.
|introduced=true
|reference=batra1981a;desrochers1988a;desrochers1988b;franco1976a;kazmi1964a
|publication title=Sp. Pl.;Gen. Pl. ed.
|publication year=1753;1754
|special status=
|source xml=https://jpend@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation.git/src/f6b125a955440c0872999024f038d74684f65921/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V19-20-21/V19_43.xml
|tribe=Asteraceae tribe Cardueae
|genus=Carduus
}}<!--

-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Asteraceae tribe Cardueae]]