View source for Carthamus tinctorius

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Carthamus tinctorius
|accepted_authority=Linnaeus
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Sp. Pl.
|place=2: 830. 1753
|year=1753
}}
|common_names=Safflower
|basionyms=
|synonyms=
|hierarchy=Asteraceae;Asteraceae tribe Cardueae;Carthamus;Carthamus tinctorius
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Asteraceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>tribe</small>[[Asteraceae tribe Cardueae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Carthamus]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>species</small>[[Carthamus tinctorius]]</div></div>
|volume=Volume 19
|mention_page=page 179, 181
|treatment_page=page 180
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Plants </b>30–100+ cm, herbage ± glabrous. <b>Stems</b> ± stramineous, glabrous. <b>Leaves</b> usually all cauline, dark green; blades lanceolate to elliptic or broadly ovate, 2–8.5 cm, margins dentate with minutely spine-tipped teeth, veiny, shiny. <b>Involucres</b> ovoid, 20–40 mm diam., ± glabrous. <b>Outer</b> phyllaries spreading to reflexed, 1.5–2 times longer than inner, terminal appendages minutely spiny-toothed, minutely spine-tipped. <b>Corollas</b> yellow to red, 20–30 mm, throats abruptly expanded; anthers yellow to red; pollen yellow to red. <b>Cypselae</b> white, 7–9 mm, slightly roughened; pappus scales absent or if present, 1–4 mm. <b>2n</b> = 24.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|phenology=Flowering late spring–summer (May–Aug).
|habitat=Escaped from cultivation in disturbed sites
|elevation=0–900 m
|distribution=Alta.;B.C.;Ariz.;Calif.;Colo.;Idaho;Ill.;Iowa;Kans.;Mass.;Mont.;Nebr.;N.Mex.;N.Dak. Ohio;Oreg.;Utah;Wash.;Europe.
|discussion=<p><i>Carthamus tinctorius</i> is apparently native originally to the eastern Mediterranean; it is known only in cultivation and as escapes today. Safflower has been reported from Texas; I have not seen the specimen.</p><!--
--><p>Safflower is cultivated as an oil seed, a source of vegetable dye, as birdseed, and as an ornamental. It is one of the earliest known crop plants, with cultivation dating back to prehistoric times. In the United States safflower is grown principally in California and Arizona; it has been a successful crop in every state west of the 100th meridian.</p><!--
--><p><i>Carthamus</i> oxyacantha M. Bieberstein (wild safflower) was collected in 1978 in Monterey County, California. It is considered by the United States Department of Food and Agriculture to be a noxious weed subject to eradication if found. In central and southern Asia it is a pernicious weed of agricultural lands and other disturbed ground. <i>Carthamus</i> oxyacantha most closely resembles cultivated safflower; it has smaller heads and much spinier leaves. Its cypselae are usually darkly pigmented, smaller (4–5 mm versus 5.5–9 mm), and almost always lack pappi.</p>
|tables=
|references=
}}<!--

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-->{{#Taxon:
name=Carthamus tinctorius
|author=
|authority=Linnaeus
|rank=species
|parent rank=genus
|synonyms=
|basionyms=
|family=Asteraceae
|phenology=Flowering late spring–summer (May–Aug).
|habitat=Escaped from cultivation in disturbed sites
|elevation=0–900 m
|distribution=Alta.;B.C.;Ariz.;Calif.;Colo.;Idaho;Ill.;Iowa;Kans.;Mass.;Mont.;Nebr.;N.Mex.;N.Dak. Ohio;Oreg.;Utah;Wash.;Europe.
|introduced=true
|reference=None
|publication title=Sp. Pl.
|publication year=1753
|special status=
|source xml=https://jpend@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation.git/src/f6b125a955440c0872999024f038d74684f65921/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V19-20-21/V19_204.xml
|tribe=Asteraceae tribe Cardueae
|genus=Carthamus
|species=Carthamus tinctorius
}}<!--

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