View source for Plectocephalus

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Plectocephalus
|accepted_authority=D. Don in R. Sweet
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=in R. Sweet, Brit. Fl. Gard., ser.
|place=2, 1: plate 51. 1830
|year=1830
}}
|common_names=Basketflower
|basionyms=
|synonyms={{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Centaurea sect. Plectocephalus
|authority=(D. Don) de Candolle
}}
|hierarchy=Asteraceae;Asteraceae tribe Cardueae;Plectocephalus
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Asteraceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>tribe</small>[[Asteraceae tribe Cardueae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Plectocephalus]]</div></div>
|etymology=Greek plektos, woven, and kephale, head, alluding to interwoven fringes of phyllaries
|volume=Volume 19
|mention_page=page 57, 84, 176, 182
|treatment_page=page 175
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Annuals,</b> 30–200 cm, not spiny. <b>Stems</b> erect, branched. <b>Leaves</b> basal and cauline; petiolate or sessile; blade margins entire or dentate, faces puberulent, minutely glandular-punctate. <b>Heads</b> radiant, borne singly or in open cymiform arrays. <b>Peduncles</b> fistulose. <b>Involucres</b> ovoid to hemispheric or campanulate, 30–60 mm diam. <b>Phyllaries</b> many in 8–10+ series, unequal, narrow, bodies linear, appressed, entire, apices expanded into erect to spreading, narrowly triangular, fringed appendages. <b>Receptacles</b> flat, epaleate, bristly. <b>Florets</b> many, peripheral neuter; corollas pink to purple, ± zygomorphic, elongate and expanded; inner fertile, corollas pink, purple, cream, or pale yellow, zygomorphic or actinomorphic, ± bent at junction of tubes and throats, tubes elongate, very slender, throats cylindric, lobes linear; anther bases tailed, apical appendages oblong; style branches: fused portions with minutely hairy nodes, distinct portions minute. <b>Cypselae</b>: basal attachment scars oblique (with small elaiosome on one side), obovoid or ± barrel-shaped, ± compressed, weakly ribbed, glabrous or puberulent with 2-celled hairs; pappi readily falling, of 1–3 series of stiff, minutely barbed bristles. <b>x</b> = 13.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=North America;Mexico;South America;Africa.
|discussion=<p>Species 4 (2 in the flora).</p><!--
--><p>Molecular phylogenetic studies have been informative regarding the relationships of members of Cynareae, Centaureinae. <i>Centaurea</i> as traditionally recognized is polyphyletic. <i>Plectocephalus</i> is part of the basal grade in Centaureinae and is not closely related to <i>Centaurea</i> in a narrow sense (A. Susanna et al. 1995). Morphologically <i>Plectocephalus</i> is difficult to separate from the more derived and highly diverse <i>Centaurea</i>. <i>Plectocephalus</i> cypselae have obliquely basal attachment scars and the hilum of the seeds is basal. <i>Centaurea</i> cypselae have lateral attachment scars and hilum of the seed is lateral. The ovaries of <i>Plectocephalus</i> initially have 2-celled hairs; these may be absent from mature cypselae. <i>Centaurea</i> produces only 1-celled hairs on ovaries.</p>
|tables=
|references={{Treatment/Reference
|id=roalson1998a
|text=Roalson, E. H. and K. W. Allred. 1998. A clarification of Centaurea americana and Centaurea rothrockii (Compositae: Cardueae). New Mexico Botanist 7: 3–5.
}}
}}<!--

--><div class="treatment-key">
==Key==
<div class="treatment-key-group">
  
{| class="wikitable fna-keytable"
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Mid phyllaries with (4–)5–7(–8) pairs of lobes, distally light to dark stramineous.
|[[Plectocephalus americanus|Plectocephalus americanus]]
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Mid phyllaries with (9–)10–13(–15) pairs of lobes, distally medium brown to dark brown.
|[[Plectocephalus rothrockii|Plectocephalus rothrockii]]
|}
</div></div><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Plectocephalus
|author=David J. Keil
|authority=D. Don in R. Sweet
|rank=genus
|parent rank=tribe
|synonyms=Centaurea sect. Plectocephalus
|basionyms=
|family=Asteraceae
|distribution=North America;Mexico;South America;Africa.
|reference=roalson1998a
|publication title=in R. Sweet, Brit. Fl. Gard., ser.
|publication year=1830
|special status=
|source xml=https://jpend@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation.git/src/f6b125a955440c0872999024f038d74684f65921/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V19-20-21/V19_195.xml
|tribe=Asteraceae tribe Cardueae
|genus=Plectocephalus
}}<!--

-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Asteraceae tribe Cardueae]]