View source for Chaenorhinum

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Chaenorhinum
|accepted_authority=(de Candolle) Reichenbach
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Consp. Regn. Veg.,
|place=123. 1828
|year=1828
}}
|common_names=Dwarf-snapdragon
|special_status={{Treatment/ID/Special_status
|code=I
|label=Introduced
}}
|basionyms={{Treatment/ID/Basionym
|name=Linaria sect. Chaenorhinum
|authority=de Candolle in J. Lamarck and A. P. de Candolle
|publication_title=Fl. Franç. ed.
|publication_place=3, 6: 410. 1815
}}
|synonyms=
|hierarchy=Plantaginaceae;Chaenorhinum
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Plantaginaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Chaenorhinum]]</div></div>
|etymology=Greek chaino, to gape, and rhis, snout, alluding to open throat of corolla as compared to Antirrhinum and Linaria
|volume=Volume 17
|mention_page=page 12, 13, 18
|treatment_page=page 17
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Herbs,</b> annual [perennial]. <b>Stems</b> erect or ascending, glandular-pubescent, sometimes glabrate. <b>Leaves</b> cauline, opposite proximally, alternate distally; petiole present proximally, sometimes absent distally; blade oblanceolate to lanceolate, not fleshy, not leathery, margins entire. <b>Inflorescences</b> axillary [terminal], flowers solitary [racemes]; bracts present. <b>Pedicels</b> 5–20 mm; bracteoles absent [present]. <b>Flowers</b> bisexual; sepals 5, proximally connate, calyx bilaterally symmetric, urceolate-spreading, lobes narrowly oblanceolate to narrowly lanceolate, glandular-pubescent; corolla white to grayish or lilac [blue, pink, pale yellow], usually with 2 purple spots or stripes internally on palate, bilaterally symmetric, bilabiate and personate, cylindric, tube base not gibbous, spurred abaxially, lobes 5, abaxial 3, adaxial 2; stamens 4, adnate to corolla, didynamous, filaments glabrous; staminode 0[1]; ovary 2-locular, placentation axile; stigma capitate. <b>Fruits</b> capsules, dehiscence poricidal. <b>Seeds</b> 40–60, blackish brown to brown [black, grayish], ovoid to ellipsoid, wings absent. <b>x</b> = 7.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=Europe;Asia (Georgia;Turkmenistan);n Africa;introduced also in e Asia.
|discussion=<p>Species 23 (1 in the flora).</p><!--
--><p>Contrary to usual practice, de Candolle did not double the r in his spelling of <i>Chaenorhinum</i>; the orthography was changed in later works, including de Candolle’s own (including the 1829 reissue of the 1815 volume), as some authors thought it should be corrected (for example, D. A. Sutton 1988).</p><!--
--><p>Capsule shape, wall thickness, and dehiscence; seed surface ridging; and corolla lobe margins are features used in placing <i>Chaenorhinum</i> species into either three sections (D. A. Sutton 1988) or three genera (F. Speta 1980). In the latter scheme, <i>C. minus</i>, along with nine other species, is treated as Microrrhinum (Endlicher) Fourreau. Recent molecular studies (N. Yousefi et al. 2016) demonstrated that the <i>Chaenorhinum</i> clade consists of two main subclades mostly corresponding to sect. <i>Chaenorhinum</i> and sect. Microrrhinum (including two of the recent segregate genera of Speta, Albraunia Speta and Holzneria Speta; see Speta 1982); however, <i>C. minus</i> probably belongs to the third, early-branching subclade, which is sister to the rest of the genus. Thus, it is better to accept <i>Chaenorhinum</i> in a wider sense, including Microrrhinum.</p><!--
--><p><i>Chaenorhinum</i> origanifolium (Linnaeus) Kosteletzky, a perennial native to southwestern Mediterranean Europe, is sometimes grown in rock gardens; it might be expected to escape locally.</p>
|tables=
|references={{Treatment/Reference
|id=arnold1982a
|text=Arnold, R. M. 1982. Floral biology of Chaenorrhinum minus (Scrophulariaceae) a self-compatible annual. Amer. Midl. Naturalist 108: 317–324.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=widrlechner1983a
|text=Widrlechner, M. P. 1983. Historical and phenological observations on the spread of Chaenorrhinum minus across North America. Canad. J. Bot. 61: 179–187.
}}
}}<!--

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-->{{#Taxon:
name=Chaenorhinum
|author=Richard K. Rabeler; Craig C. Freeman
|authority=(de Candolle) Reichenbach
|rank=genus
|parent rank=family
|synonyms=
|basionyms=Linaria sect. Chaenorhinum
|family=Plantaginaceae
|distribution=Europe;Asia (Georgia;Turkmenistan);n Africa;introduced also in e Asia.
|introduced=true
|reference=arnold1982a;widrlechner1983a
|publication title=Consp. Regn. Veg.,
|publication year=1828
|special status=Introduced
|source xml=https://jpend@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation.git/src/f6b125a955440c0872999024f038d74684f65921/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V17/V17_85.xml
|genus=Chaenorhinum
}}<!--

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