View source for Lindernia dubia

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Lindernia dubia
|accepted_authority=(Linnaeus) Pennell
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Monogr. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia
|place=1: 141. 1935
|year=1935
}}
|common_names=Yellowseed false-pimpernel;lindernie douteuse
|special_status={{Treatment/ID/Special_status
|code=W
|label=Weedy
}}{{Treatment/ID/Special_status
|code=F
|label=Selected by author to be illustrated
}}
|basionyms={{Treatment/ID/Basionym
|name=Gratiola dubia
|authority=Linnaeus
|publication_title=Sp. Pl.
|publication_place=1: 17. 1753
}}
|synonyms={{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Ilysanthes dubia
|authority=(Linnaeus) Barnhart
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=I. inaequalis
|authority=(Walter) Pennell
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=I. riparia
|authority=Rafinesque
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Lindernia anagallidea
|authority=(Michaux) Pennell
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=L. dubia var. anagallidea
|authority=(Michaux) Cooperrider
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=L. dubia var. inundata
|authority=(Pennell) Pennell
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=L. dubia var. riparia
|authority=(Rafinesque) Fernald
}}
|hierarchy=Linderniaceae;Lindernia;Lindernia dubia
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Linderniaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Lindernia]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>species</small>[[Lindernia dubia]]</div></div>
|volume=Volume 17
|mention_page=page 354, 356
|treatment_page=page 355
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Annuals.</b> Stems erect, ascending, or prostrate, not matted, usually rooting at proximal nodes, 1.5–27(–38) cm. <b>Leaves</b> cauline, thin; petiole absent; blade spatulate, lanceolate, oblanceolate, elliptic, ovate, or obovate, (1–)5–37 × (0.5–)3–18 mm, palmately 3–5-veined or 1-nerved, not leathery, margins entire or remotely, sometimes coarsely, toothed; distal well developed or much reduced. <b>Pedicels</b> 0.5–31 mm, 1/2–5 times subtending leaves. <b>Flowers</b> chasmogamous or cleistogamous; chasmogamous: sepals 0.7–6.1 mm, connate to 1/8 lengths; corolla tube and adaxial lip lavender or blue to white, abaxial lobes white with purple to blue markings, tube 2.5–8 mm, adaxial lip 1/2 abaxial; stamens 2; staminodes each with appendage and distal segment. <b>Capsules</b> ellipsoid, often obliquely, sometimes ovoid or subglobular, 1.4–6.3(–7.5) × 1.2–3.3 mm. <b>Seeds</b> usually 6-angled, usually ribbed. <b>2n</b> = 18.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|phenology=Flowering year-round.
|habitat=Wet ditches, meadows, borders of ponds, lakes, streams, moist to wet disturbed habitats.
|elevation=0–2600 m.
|distribution=B.C.;N.B.;N.S.;Ont.;P.E.I.;Que.;Ala.;Ariz.;Ark.;Calif.;Colo.;Conn.;Del.;D.C.;Fla.;Ga.;Idaho;Ill.;Ind.;Iowa;Kans.;Ky.;La.;Maine;Md.;Mass.;Mich.;Minn.;Miss.;Mo.;Nebr.;Nev.;N.H.;N.J.;N.Mex.;N.Y.;N.C.;N.Dak.;Ohio;Okla.;Oreg.;Pa.;R.I.;S.C.;S.Dak.;Tenn.;Tex.;Vt.;Va.;Wash.;W.Va.;Wis.;Mexico;West Indies;Central America;South America;introduced in Europe;Asia;Africa;Australia.
|discussion=<p>In Asia, <i>Lindernia dubia</i> is considered a noxious weed in rice paddies, where it has become resistant to some commonly used herbicides.</p><!--
--><p><i>Lindernia dubia</i> shows extreme morphological plasticity, especially in vegetative characters. This has led to the naming of species and varieties that have been accepted or not in recent treatments (for example, D. Q. Lewis 2000). B. A. Berger (2005) examined variation within the <i>L. dubia</i> complex and concluded that the recognition of these taxa is unwarranted.</p><!--
--><p>Variety inundata, an estuarine form from the intertidal zone along the Atlantic Coast, continues to be recognized in several databases. However, W. R. Ferren Jr. and A. E. Schuyler (1980) described the clinal variation in these intertidal populations, ranging from typical <i>Lindernia dubia</i> to this form, with such variation sometimes evident on submerged and emergent parts of the same plant.</p>
|tables=
|references=
}}<!--

--><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Lindernia dubia
|author=
|authority=(Linnaeus) Pennell
|rank=species
|parent rank=genus
|synonyms=Ilysanthes dubia;I. inaequalis;I. riparia;Lindernia anagallidea;L. dubia var. anagallidea;L. dubia var. inundata;L. dubia var. riparia
|basionyms=Gratiola dubia
|family=Linderniaceae
|phenology=Flowering year-round.
|habitat=Wet ditches, meadows, borders of ponds, lakes, streams, moist to wet disturbed habitats.
|elevation=0–2600 m.
|distribution=B.C.;N.B.;N.S.;Ont.;P.E.I.;Que.;Ala.;Ariz.;Ark.;Calif.;Colo.;Conn.;Del.;D.C.;Fla.;Ga.;Idaho;Ill.;Ind.;Iowa;Kans.;Ky.;La.;Maine;Md.;Mass.;Mich.;Minn.;Miss.;Mo.;Nebr.;Nev.;N.H.;N.J.;N.Mex.;N.Y.;N.C.;N.Dak.;Ohio;Okla.;Oreg.;Pa.;R.I.;S.C.;S.Dak.;Tenn.;Tex.;Vt.;Va.;Wash.;W.Va.;Wis.;Mexico;West Indies;Central America;South America;introduced in Europe;Asia;Africa;Australia.
|reference=None
|publication title=Monogr. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia
|publication year=1935
|special status=Weedy;Selected by author to be illustrated
|source xml=https://jpend@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation.git/src/f6b125a955440c0872999024f038d74684f65921/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V17/V17_70.xml
|genus=Lindernia
|species=Lindernia dubia
}}<!--

-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Lindernia]]