View source for Euphorbia polygonifolia

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Euphorbia polygonifolia
|accepted_authority=Linnaeus
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Sp. Pl.
|place=1: 455. 1753
|year=1753
}}
|common_names=Dune or seaside spurge;euphorbe à feuilles de renouée
|special_status={{Treatment/ID/Special_status
|code=E
|label=Endemic
}}
|basionyms=
|synonyms={{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Chamaesyce polygonifolia
|authority=(Linnaeus) Small
}}
|hierarchy=Euphorbiaceae;Euphorbia;Euphorbia sect. Anisophyllum;Euphorbia polygonifolia
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Euphorbiaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Euphorbia]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>section</small>[[Euphorbia sect. Anisophyllum]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>species</small>[[Euphorbia polygonifolia]]</div></div>
|volume=Volume 12
|mention_page=page 257, 262
|treatment_page=page 284
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Herbs,</b> annual, with taproot. <b>Stems</b> usually prostrate, occasionally ascending, 5–30 cm, glabrous. <b>Leaves</b> opposite; stipules usually distinct, occasionally connate basally (distal portion of stem), triangular-subulate, entire or divided, 0.8–1.5 mm, glabrous; petiole 1–3 mm, glabrous; blade oblong, linear-oblong, or linear-lanceolate, 5–16 × 2–4 mm, base slightly asymmetric, obtuse or subcordate, margins entire, apex obtuse, often mucronulate, surfaces uniformly green or reddish tinged, glabrous; venation obscure. <b>Cyathia</b> solitary or in small, cymose clusters at distal nodes; peduncle 0.5–5 mm. <b>Involucre</b> obconic-campanulate, 1.2–1.7 × 1–1.4 mm, glabrous; glands 4, occasionally rudimentary, green-yellow to tan or orange-tinged, occasionally shortly stipitate, usually broadly oval to subcircular, sometimes figure eight-shaped, shallowly cupped, 0.1–0.3 × 0.2–0.4 mm; appendages absent or rudimentary. <b>Staminate</b> flowers 5–14. <b>Pistillate</b> flowers: ovary glabrous; styles 0.7–1 mm, 2-fid 1/2 length. <b>Capsules</b> broadly ovoid, 3–3.5(–4) × (2–)2.4–3 mm, glabrous; columella 2–3 mm. <b>Seeds</b> ashy white, wedge-shaped to slightly ovoid, weakly dorsiventrally compressed and elliptic-terete to bluntly subangled in cross section, back strongly rounded, face slightly rounded, (2–)2.2–2.8 × 1.6–1.9 mm, smooth or minutely pitted, with smooth brown line from top to bottom on adaxial side.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|phenology=Flowering and fruiting early summer–fall.
|habitat=Sandy maritime and freshwater beaches and foredunes.
|elevation=0–200 m.
|distribution=N.B.;N.S.;Ont.;P.E.I.;Que.;Conn.;Del.;Fla.;Ga.;Ill.;Ind.;Maine;Md.;Mass.;Mich.;N.H.;N.J.;N.Y.;N.C.;Ohio;Pa.;R.I.;S.C.;Va.;Wis.
|discussion=<p><i>Euphorbia polygonifolia</i> is native to coastal beaches and dunes along the Atlantic Ocean from the maritime provinces of Canada south to northern Florida. The species also occurs disjunctly along the shores of the North American Great Lakes. <i>Euphorbia polygonifolia</i> was native to Quebec but is now considered extirpated from the province. It has apparently been introduced in Europe, but it is unclear if it has persisted there (L. C. Wheeler 1941). Immature individuals of this species can be somewhat difficult to distinguish from <i>E. bombensis</i> where their ranges overlap (Virginia to northern Florida). Where they occur together, <i>E. polygonifolia</i> tends to be a pioneer species on the upper beach and foredune front, whereas <i>E. bombensis</i> tends to inhabit areas behind the foredune (R. D. Porcher and D. A. Rayner 2002). <i>Euphorbia polygonifolia</i> can be distinguished also by its larger capsules and larger, wedge-shaped to slightly ovoid seeds.</p>
|tables=
|references=
}}<!--

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-->{{#Taxon:
name=Euphorbia polygonifolia
|author=
|authority=Linnaeus
|rank=species
|parent rank=section
|synonyms=Chamaesyce polygonifolia
|basionyms=
|family=Euphorbiaceae
|phenology=Flowering and fruiting early summer–fall.
|habitat=Sandy maritime and freshwater beaches and foredunes.
|elevation=0–200 m.
|distribution=N.B.;N.S.;Ont.;P.E.I.;Que.;Conn.;Del.;Fla.;Ga.;Ill.;Ind.;Maine;Md.;Mass.;Mich.;N.H.;N.J.;N.Y.;N.C.;Ohio;Pa.;R.I.;S.C.;Va.;Wis.
|reference=None
|publication title=Sp. Pl.
|publication year=1753
|special status=Endemic
|source xml=https://jpend@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation.git/src/f6b125a955440c0872999024f038d74684f65921/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V12/V12_940.xml
|genus=Euphorbia
|section=Euphorbia sect. Anisophyllum
|species=Euphorbia polygonifolia
}}<!--

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