View source for Rhamnus crocea

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Rhamnus crocea
|accepted_authority=Nuttall in J. Torrey and A. Gray
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Fl. N. Amer.
|place=1: 261. 1838
|year=1838
}}
|common_names=Spiny redberry
|special_status={{Treatment/ID/Special_status
|code=E
|label=Endemic
}}
|basionyms=
|synonyms=
|hierarchy=Rhamnaceae;Rhamnus;Rhamnus crocea
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Rhamnaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Rhamnus]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>species</small>[[Rhamnus crocea]]</div></div>
|volume=Volume 12
|mention_page=page 46
|treatment_page=page 47
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Shrubs,</b> 1.2–2(–4) m, usually armed with thorns. <b>Branchlets</b> reddish to red-purple or orange-brown; glabrous. <b>Leaves</b> persistent, alternate; petiole 2–6 mm; blade usually dull green abaxially, shiny dark green adaxially, elliptic to obovate or ovate, 0.7–2 cm, distinctly coriaceous, base cuneate to truncate, margins coarsely serrate, spinulose-serrulate, or entire, apex obtuse to emarginate, both surfaces glabrous; secondary veins 5–7 pairs, all diverging at nearly same angle. <b>Inflorescences</b> fascicles or flowers solitary. <b>Pedicels</b> 2–3 mm. <b>Sepals</b> 4(–5). <b>Petals</b> 0. <b>Drupes</b> red, globose, 5–8 mm; stones 2.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|phenology=Flowering (Jan–)Mar–May.
|habitat=Dry washes and canyons, coastal and inland dunes, alluvial fans, gravel flood plains, disturbed sandy flats, brushy slopes, steep granitic slopes, woodlands, coastal sage scrub, chaparral.
|elevation=50–1200 m.
|distribution=Calif.
|discussion=<p><i>Rhamnus crocea</i> and closely related species were considered conspecific by C. B. Wolf (1938), who treated those in the flora area as subspp. crocea, ilicifolia, pilosa, and pirifolia; he also recognized subsp. insula (Kellogg) C. B. Wolf from Mexico (Baja California). The taxa are distinctive, but intermediates exist. Wolf identified <i>R. crocea</i>/ilicifolia intermediates from Marin County to the California/Mexico boundary, and <i>R. ilicifolia</i>/insula, <i>R. crocea</i>/pilosa, and <i>R. ilicifolia</i>/pilosa intermediates in southern California, especially in San Diego County.</p><!--
--><p>Arizona plants (Pima County, especially in the Ajo Mountains) identified as <i>Rhamnus crocea</i> (for example, K. Christie 2006) appear to be populational variants of the single species present there, <i>R. ilicifolia</i> (R. Felger, pers. comm.). In California, where the two are sympatric over a relatively broad region, <i>R. crocea</i> is distinct from <i>R. ilicifolia</i> in usually bearing thorns and in having smaller leaves with less spinulose margins.</p>
|tables=
|references=
}}<!--

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-->{{#Taxon:
name=Rhamnus crocea
|author=
|authority=Nuttall in J. Torrey and A. Gray
|rank=species
|parent rank=genus
|synonyms=
|basionyms=
|family=Rhamnaceae
|phenology=Flowering (Jan–)Mar–May.
|habitat=Dry washes and canyons, coastal and inland dunes, alluvial fans, gravel flood plains, disturbed sandy flats, brushy slopes, steep granitic slopes, woodlands, coastal sage scrub, chaparral.
|elevation=50–1200 m.
|distribution=Calif.
|reference=None
|publication title=Fl. N. Amer.
|publication year=1838
|special status=Endemic
|source xml=https://jpend@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation.git/src/f6b125a955440c0872999024f038d74684f65921/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V12/V12_227.xml
|genus=Rhamnus
|species=Rhamnus crocea
}}<!--

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