View source for Colubrina

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Colubrina
|accepted_authority=Richard ex Brongniart
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Mém. Fam. Rhamnées,
|place=61, plate 4, fig. 3. 1826
|year=1826
}}
|common_names=Nakedwood
|basionyms=
|synonyms=
|hierarchy=Rhamnaceae;Colubrina
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Rhamnaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Colubrina]]</div></div>
|etymology=Latin coluber, racer snake, perhaps alluding to twisting of deep furrows on stems of some species
|volume=Volume 12
|mention_page=page 43, 44, 74
|treatment_page=page 73
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Shrubs </b>or trees, unarmed [armed with thorns]; bud scales present at least on short shoots. <b>Leaves</b> persistent or deciduous, alternate [opposite], sometimes fascicled on short shoots; blade not gland-dotted; pinnately veined or 3-veined from base (acrodromous). <b>Inflorescences</b> axillary, usually cymes, thyrses, or fascicles, rarely flowers solitary; peduncles and pedicels not fleshy in fruit. <b>Pedicels</b> present. <b>Flowers</b> bisexual; hypanthium hemispheric, 2–3 mm wide; sepals 5, spreading, brown to greenish, ovate-triangular to triangular, keeled adaxially; petals 5, greenish or yellowish to creamy white, ± hooded, spatulate or obovate, clawed; nectary fleshy, adnate to and sometimes ± filling hypanthium; stamens 5; ovary 1/2-inferior to inferior, 3(–4)-locular; styles 3, connate proximally. <b>Fruits</b> capsules, sometimes tardily dehiscent, 3-locular.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=North America;Mexico;Central America;South America;se Asia;Indian Ocean Islands (Madagascar);Pacific Islands (Hawaii);introduced widely.
|discussion=<p>Species ca. 30 (8 in the flora).</p><!--
--><p>Branches of some <i>Colubrina</i> species are rigid but rarely produce thorns. Those of <i>C. californica</i> have been described as spinescent or subspinescent, alluding to short branches that sometimes are attenuate to relatively sharp points, but these are not the same as the clearly defined thorns that occur in other genera of the family.</p>
|tables=
|references={{Treatment/Reference
|id=johnston1971a
|text=Johnston, M. C. 1971. Revision of Colubrina (Rhamnaceae). Brittonia 23: 2–53.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=nesom2013a
|text=Nesom, G. L. 2013. Taxonomic notes on Colubrina (Rhamnaceae). Phytoneuron 2013-4: 1–21.
}}
}}<!--

--><div class="treatment-key">
==Key==
<div class="treatment-key-group">
  
{| class="wikitable fna-keytable"
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Leaf blade margins entire, mucronulate to obscurely serrulate, or crenulate.
|[[#key-0-2| > 2]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Leaf blades 1–2.5(–3.5) cm; Arizona, California, Nevada.
|[[Colubrina californica|Colubrina californica]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Leaf blades 4–15 cm; Florida.
|[[#key-0-3| > 3]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Leaf blade abaxial surfaces tawny-tomentose, adaxial surfaces villous-strigose, glabrescent, secondary veins relatively straight, 6–12 pairs; inflorescences 20–50(–70)-flowered; peduncles 8–15 mm.
|[[Colubrina cubensis|Colubrina cubensis]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Leaf blade abaxial surfaces sparsely strigose or red-brown tomentose, glabrescent or persistently tomentose on veins, adaxial surfaces glabrous or tomentose and glabrescent, secondary veins arcuate, (4–)5–9 pairs; inflorescences 8–30-flowered; peduncles 1–10 mm.
|[[#key-0-4| > 4]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Leaves deciduous, blades herbaceous, 4–9 cm, abaxial surfaces sparsely strigose, glabrescent, adaxial surfaces glabrous; peduncles 1–7 mm.
|[[Colubrina elliptica|Colubrina elliptica]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Leaves persistent, blades subcoriaceous, 5–15 cm, both surfaces tomentose, abaxial glabrescent except persistently tomentose on veins, adaxial glabrescent; peduncles (3–)5–10 mm.
|[[Colubrina arborescens|Colubrina arborescens]]
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Leaf blade margins serrate, serrulate, or crenate-serrate.
|[[#key-0-5| > 5]]
|-id=key-0-5
|5
|Shrubs, erect to sprawling or clambering; leaf blade surfaces glabrous or glabrate; Florida.
|[[Colubrina asiatica|Colubrina asiatica]]
|-id=key-0-5
|5
|Shrubs or trees, erect, (rarely clambering in C. greggii); leaf blade surfaces (one or both) hairy; sc, sw United States.
|[[#key-0-6| > 6]]
|-id=key-0-6
|6
|Leaf blades 1–3(–4) cm, margins with 2–20 teeth per side.
|[[#key-0-7| > 7]]
|-id=key-0-7
|7
|Leaf blades (1–)3–4 cm, margins with 10–20 teeth per side; inflorescences fascicles, 2–4(–7)-flowered, or flowers solitary, peduncles absent.
|[[Colubrina texensis|Colubrina texensis]]
|-id=key-0-7
|7
|Leaf blades 1–2.5(–3.5) cm, margins with 2–7 teeth per side; inflorescences usually cymes or thyrses, 2–12-flowered, sometimes flowers solitary, peduncles 1–2 mm.
|[[Colubrina californica|Colubrina californica]]
|-id=key-0-6
|6
|Leaf blades 3–12 cm, margins with 40–100 teeth per side.
|[[#key-0-8| > 8]]
|-id=key-0-8
|8
|Leaf blades 3–7.5 cm, margins with 40–70 teeth per side; inflorescences 6–15-flowered, peduncles 2–8 mm.
|[[Colubrina stricta|Colubrina stricta]]
|-id=key-0-8
|8
|Leaf blades (3–)4–12 cm, margins with 50–100 teeth per side; inflorescences (10–)20–40-flowered; peduncles 5–20 mm.
|[[Colubrina greggii|Colubrina greggii]]
|}
</div></div><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Colubrina
|author=Guy L. Nesom
|authority=Richard ex Brongniart
|rank=genus
|parent rank=family
|synonyms=
|basionyms=
|family=Rhamnaceae
|distribution=North America;Mexico;Central America;South America;se Asia;Indian Ocean Islands (Madagascar);Pacific Islands (Hawaii);introduced widely.
|reference=johnston1971a;nesom2013a
|publication title=Mém. Fam. Rhamnées,
|publication year=1826
|special status=
|source xml=https://jpend@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation.git/src/f6b125a955440c0872999024f038d74684f65921/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V12/V12_1035.xml
|genus=Colubrina
}}<!--

-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Rhamnaceae]]