View source for Ulmaceae

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Ulmaceae
|accepted_authority=Mirbel
|publications=
|common_names=Elm Family
|basionyms=
|synonyms=
|hierarchy=Ulmaceae
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Ulmaceae]]</div></div>
|volume=Volume 3
|mention_page=
|treatment_page=page 368
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-d0_s0" data-properties="tree duration;shrub duration"><b>Trees </b>or shrubs, deciduous (sometimes tardily deciduous in Ulmus).</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s1" data-properties="bark relief;bark relief;bark relief;bark architecture or pubescence;bark fragility"><b>Bark </b>smooth to deeply fissured or scaly and flaky;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s2" data-properties="sap pubescence or texture">sap watery.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s3" data-properties="leaf arrangement;leaf arrangement;leaf architecture"><b>Leaves </b>alternate [opposite], distichous [or not], simple;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s4" data-properties="stipule presence">stipules present;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s5" data-properties="petiole presence">petiole present.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s6" data-properties="base orientation or shape;margin architecture or shape;margin shape;margin shape;margin shape;margin shape;margin shape"><b>Leaf-</b>blade: base often oblique, margins entire or serrate, crenate, or toothed;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s7" data-properties="leaf-blade architecture or shape;leaf-blade architecture or shape;leaf-blade architecture or shape">venation pinnate to palmate-pinnate.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s8" data-properties="inflorescence position;raceme arrangement;flower architecture or arrangement or growth form;flower orientation"><b>Inflorescences </b>axillary, cymes, racemes, fascicles, or flowers solitary, arising from branchlets of previous season (e.g., Ulmus) or of current season (e.g., Celtis).</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s9" data-properties="flower reproduction;flower reproduction;flower architecture;flower architecture"><b>Flowers </b>bisexual or unisexual, staminate and pistillate on same [different] plants;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s10" data-properties="sepal duration;sepal atypical quantity;sepal atypical quantity;sepal quantity;sepal fusion;sepal arrangement;sepal arrangement">sepals persistent, (1-) 5 (-9), connate [distinct], imbricate or valvate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s11" data-properties="petal presence">petals absent;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s12" data-properties="stamen position;calyx lobe arrangement;calyx lobe orientation">stamens usually as many as calyx lobes, hypogynous, opposite calyx lobes, erect in bud;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s13" data-properties="filament fusion;filament orientation;filament fusion;filament course;filament course">filaments free or arising from calyx-tube, distinct, curved or sigmoid in bud;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s14" data-properties="anther architecture or structure in adjective form;anther dehiscence">anthers 2-locular, dehiscence longitudinal;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s15" data-properties="pistil quantity;pistil architecture">pistils 1, 2 (-3) -carpellate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s16" data-properties="ovary architecture or structure in adjective form">ovary 1 (-2) -locular;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s17" data-properties="ovule quantity;ovule orientation;ovule orientation;ovule orientation">ovules 1 per locule, pendulous from apex of locule, anatropous or amphitropous;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s18" data-properties="style atypical quantity;style quantity;style fusion;stigmatic area shape">styles (1-) 2, distinct, receptive stigmatic area decurrent on distal inner margin of style-branch.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s19" data-properties="drupe texture;samara architecture or shape"><b>Fruits </b>fleshy drupes, samaras, or nutlike.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s20" data-properties="seed quantity"><b>Seeds </b>1;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s21" data-properties="aril presence">arils absent;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s22" data-properties="endosperm presence;endosperm quantity;endosperm quantity;layer quantity;cell architecture">endosperm absent to scanty, consisting of 1 layer of thick-walled cells;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s23" data-properties="embryo course;embryo course">embryo straight or curved.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=Tropical and north temperate regions
|discussion=<p>Genera ca. 18, species ca. 150 (4 genera, 19 species in the flora).</p><!--
--><p>Plants of this family are wind-pollinated (anemophilous).</p><!--
--><p>Ulmaceae are frequently divided into two subfamilies, Ulmoideae and Celtoideae; they are sometimes separated into two families, Ulmaceae and Celtidaceae (I. A. Grudzinskaya 1965). These subfamilial or familial distinctions are supported by flavonoid chemistry (D. E. Giannasi and K. J. Niklas 1977; D. E. Giannasi 1978), pollen morphology (M. Zavada 1983), and some anatomic structures (E. M. Sweitzer 1971). Typically the Ulmoideae have flavonols, strictly pinnately veined leaves, and dry fruits; the Celtoideae have glycoflavones, pinnipalmately veined leaves, and drupaceous fruits. Some genera (e.g., Zelkova, with pinnately veined leaves and drupaceous fruits) are intermediate, and various authors place them in different subfamilies.</p><!--
--><p>In this treatment Ulmus and Planera are considered part of the subfamily Ulmoideae; Celtis and Trema are in subfamily Celtoideae. Zelkova serrata is widely cultivated as an ornamental tree in North America, but it is not known to be naturalized in the flora. Chemical similarities between subfamilies include the presence of proanthocyanins with some tannins and scattered mucilaginous cells or canals. Additionally, members of the family share a strong tendency toward mineralization of the cell walls with calcium carbonate or silica and possess solitary or clustered crystals of calcium oxalate.</p><!--
--><p>Ulmaceae include trees and shrubs of horticultural importance.</p>
|tables=
|references={{Treatment/Reference
|id=barker1986a
|text=Barker, W. T. 1986. Ulmaceae. In: Great Plains Flora Association. 1986. Flora of the Great Plains. Lawrence, Kans. Pp. 119-123.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=elias1970a
|text=Elias, T. S. 1970. The genera of Ulmaceae in the southeastern United States. J. Arnold Arbor. 51: 18-40.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=giannasi1977a
|text=Giannasi, D. E. and K. J. Niklas. 1977. Flavonoids and other constituents of fossil Miocene Celtis and Ulmus (Succor Creek Flora). Science 197: 765-767.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=giannasi1978a
|text=Giannasi, D. E. 1978. Generic relationships in the Ulmaceae based on flavonoid chemistry. Taxon 27: 331-344.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=grudzinskaya1965a
|text=Grudzinskaya, I. A. 1965. The Ulmaceae and reasons for distinguishing the Celtidoideae as a separate family Celtidaceae Link. Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 52: 1723-1749.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=sweitzer1971a
|text=Sweitzer, E. M. 1971. The comparative anatomy of Ulmaceae. J. Arnold Arbor. 52: 523-585.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=zavada1983a
|text=Zavada, M. 1983. Pollen morphology of Ulmaceae. Grana 22: 23-30.
}}
}}<!--

--><div class="treatment-key">
==Key==
<div class="treatment-key-group">
  
{| class="wikitable fna-keytable"
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Leaf blade pinnately veined; fruits dry, nutlike or samaras.
|[[#key-0-2| > 2]]
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Leaf blade palmately veined at base, pinnately veined over remainder of blade; fruits drupes.
|[[#key-0-3| > 3]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Flowers bisexual; fruits samaras.
|[[Ulmus|Ulmus]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Flowers normally unisexual, inflorescences usually with a few bisexual flowers; fruits nutlike.
|[[Planera|Planera]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Leaf blade entire or serrate to ca. 3/4 length; flowers solitary or in few-flowered clusters; drupes 1.
|[[Celtis|Celtis]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Leaf blade crenate to serrate for entire length; flowers 12-20, in cymes.
|[[Trema|Trema]]
|}
</div></div><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Ulmaceae
|author=Susan L. Sherman-Broyles; William T. Barker; Leila M. Schulz
|authority=Mirbel
|rank=family
|parent rank=
|synonyms=
|basionyms=
|family=Ulmaceae
|illustrator=John Myers
|distribution=Tropical and north temperate regions
|reference=barker1986a;elias1970a;giannasi1977a;giannasi1978a;grudzinskaya1965a;sweitzer1971a;zavada1983a
|publication title=
|publication year=
|special status=
|source xml=https://jpend@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/287ef3db526bd807d435a3c7423ef2df1e951227/V3/V3_886.xml
|anther architecture or structure in adjective form=2-locular
|anther dehiscence=longitudinal
|aril presence=absent
|bark architecture or pubescence=scaly
|bark fragility=flaky
|bark relief=smooth;deeply fissured
|base orientation or shape=oblique
|calyx lobe arrangement=opposite
|calyx lobe orientation=erect
|cell architecture=thick-walled
|drupe texture=fleshy
|embryo course=curved;straight
|endosperm presence=absent
|endosperm quantity=absent;scanty
|filament course=sigmoid;curved
|filament fusion=distinct;free
|filament orientation=arising
|flower architecture=pistillate;staminate
|flower architecture or arrangement or growth form=solitary
|flower orientation=arising
|flower reproduction=unisexual;bisexual
|inflorescence position=axillary
|layer quantity=1
|leaf architecture=simple
|leaf arrangement=distichous;alternate
|leaf-blade architecture or shape=pinnate;palmate-pinnate
|margin architecture or shape=entire
|margin shape=toothed;crenate;toothed;crenate;serrate
|ovary architecture or structure in adjective form=1(-2)-locular
|ovule orientation=amphitropous;anatropous;pendulous
|ovule quantity=1
|petal presence=absent
|petiole presence=absent
|pistil architecture=2(-3)-carpellate
|pistil quantity=1
|raceme arrangement=fascicles
|samara architecture or shape=nutlike
|sap pubescence or texture=watery
|seed quantity=1
|sepal arrangement=valvate;imbricate
|sepal atypical quantity=5;9
|sepal duration=persistent
|sepal fusion=connate
|sepal quantity=5
|shrub duration=deciduous
|stamen position=hypogynous
|stigmatic area shape=decurrent
|stipule presence=absent
|style atypical quantity=1;2
|style fusion=distinct
|style quantity=2
|tree duration=deciduous
}}<!--

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