View source for Celtis occidentalis

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Celtis occidentalis
|accepted_authority=Linnaeus
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Sp. Pl.
|place=2: 1044. 1753
|year=1753
}}
|common_names=Hackberry;micocoulier occidental;bois inconnu
|special_status={{Treatment/ID/Special_status
|code=F
|label=Selected by author to be illustrated
}}
|basionyms=
|synonyms={{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Celtis occidentalis var. canina
|authority=(Rafinesque) Sargent
}}{{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Celtis occidentalis var. crassifolia
|authority=(Lamarck) A. Gray
}}{{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Celtis occidentalis var. pumila
|authority=(Pursh) A. Gray
}}{{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Celtis pumila
|authority=unknown
}}{{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Celtis pumila var. deamii
|authority=Sargent
}}
|hierarchy=Ulmaceae;Celtis;Celtis occidentalis
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Ulmaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Celtis]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>species</small>[[Celtis occidentalis]]</div></div>
|volume=Volume 3
|mention_page=
|treatment_page=
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-d0_s0" data-properties="tree size;shrub size"><b>Trees </b>or shrubs, size varying greatly in response to habitat;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s1" data-properties="crown shape">crowns rounded.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s2" data-properties="bark coloration;bark architecture;bark pubescence or relief"><b>Bark </b>gray, deeply furrowed, warty with age.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s3" data-properties="wood coloration;wood fragility"><b>Wood </b>light yellow, weak.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s4" data-properties="branch orientation;branch life cycle;branch pubescence"><b>Branches </b>without thorns, spreading, young branches mostly pubescent.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s5" data-properties="petiole some measurement"><b>Leaves:</b> petiole 0.5-1.2 mm.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s6" data-properties="leaf-blade shape;leaf-blade shape;leaf-blade shape;leaf-blade shape;leaf-blade length;leaf-blade atypical width;leaf-blade width;leaf-blade texture;base orientation or shape;base shape;margin architecture or shape;margin position;tooth quantity;apex shape"><b>Leaf-</b>blade lanceovate to broadly ovate or deltate, 5-12 × 3-6 (-9) cm (on fertile branches), leathery, base oblique or obliquely somewhat acuminate, margins conspicuously serrate to well below middle, teeth 10-40, apex acuminate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s7" data-properties="surface pubescence or relief">surfaces scabrous.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s8" data-properties="inflorescence density;inflorescence orientation;inflorescence arrangement"><b>Inflorescences </b>dense pendulous clusters.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s9" data-properties="drupe coloration;drupe coloration;drupe coloration;drupe coloration;drupe shape;drupe diameter;drupe diameter;beak width"><b>Drupes </b>dark orange to purple or blue-black when ripe, orbicular, to 7-11 (-20) mm diam., commonly with thick beak;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s10" data-properties="pedicel some measurement">pedicel to 15 mm.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s11" data-properties=""><b>Stones </b>cream colored, 7-9 × 5-8 mm, reticulate.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s12" data-properties="stone coloration;stone length;stone width;stone architecture or coloration or relief;2n chromosome quantity;2n chromosome quantity;2n chromosome quantity">2n = 20, 30, and 40.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|phenology=Flowering late winter–spring (Mar–May).
|habitat=In rich moist soil along streams, on flood plains, on rock, on wooded hillsides, and in woodlands
|elevation=0-1800 m
|distribution=Man.;Ont.;Que.;Ala.;Ark.;Colo.;Conn.;Del.;D.C.;Ga.;Ill.;Ind.;Iowa;Kans.;Ky.;Maine;Md.;Mass.;Mich.;Minn.;Miss.;Mo.;Nebr.;N.H.;N.J.;N.Y.;N.C.;N.Dak.;Ohio;Okla.;Pa.;R.I.;S.C.;S.Dak.;Tenn.;Tex.;Vt.;Va.;W.Va.;Wis.;Wyo.
|discussion=<p>Celtis occidentalis is valued as an ornamental street tree because of its tolerance to drought.</p><!--
--><p>Native Americans used decoctions prepared from the bark of Celtis occidentalis medicinally as an aid in menses and to treat sore throat (D. E. Moerman 1986).</p><!--
--><p>This is a highly variable species. Segregates named as varieties follow an east-west geographic gradient and are based primarily on leaf size, shape, and pubescence.</p>
|tables=
|references=
}}<!--

--><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Celtis occidentalis
|author=
|authority=Linnaeus
|rank=species
|parent rank=genus
|synonyms=Celtis occidentalis var. canina;Celtis occidentalis var. crassifolia;Celtis occidentalis var. pumila;Celtis pumila;Celtis pumila var. deamii
|basionyms=
|family=Ulmaceae
|phenology=Flowering late winter–spring (Mar–May).
|habitat=In rich moist soil along streams, on flood plains, on rock, on wooded hillsides, and in woodlands
|elevation=0-1800 m
|distribution=Man.;Ont.;Que.;Ala.;Ark.;Colo.;Conn.;Del.;D.C.;Ga.;Ill.;Ind.;Iowa;Kans.;Ky.;Maine;Md.;Mass.;Mich.;Minn.;Miss.;Mo.;Nebr.;N.H.;N.J.;N.Y.;N.C.;N.Dak.;Ohio;Okla.;Pa.;R.I.;S.C.;S.Dak.;Tenn.;Tex.;Vt.;Va.;W.Va.;Wis.;Wyo.
|reference=None
|publication title=Sp. Pl.
|publication year=1753
|special status=Selected by author to be illustrated
|source xml=https://jpend@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/287ef3db526bd807d435a3c7423ef2df1e951227/V3/V3_59.xml
|genus=Celtis
|species=Celtis occidentalis
|2n chromosome quantity=40;30;20
|apex shape=acuminate
|bark architecture=furrowed
|bark coloration=gray
|bark pubescence or relief=warty
|base orientation or shape=oblique
|base shape=acuminate
|beak width=thick
|branch life cycle=young
|branch orientation=spreading
|branch pubescence=pubescent
|crown shape=rounded
|drupe coloration=dark orange;purple or blue-black
|drupe diameter=7mm;11mm
|drupe shape=orbicular
|inflorescence arrangement=cluster
|inflorescence density=dense
|inflorescence orientation=pendulous
|leaf-blade atypical width=6cm;9cm
|leaf-blade length=5cm;12cm
|leaf-blade shape=lanceovate;broadly ovate or deltate
|leaf-blade texture=leathery
|leaf-blade width=3cm;6cm
|margin architecture or shape=serrate
|margin position=middle
|pedicel some measurement=0mm;15mm
|petiole some measurement=0.5mm;1.2mm
|shrub size=varying
|stone architecture or coloration or relief=reticulate
|stone coloration=cream colored
|stone length=7mm;9mm
|stone width=5mm;8mm
|surface pubescence or relief=scabrous
|tooth quantity=10;40
|tree size=varying
|wood coloration=light yellow
|wood fragility=weak
}}<!--

-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Celtis]]